If you're in the US, you can contest it, and it will delay things, but it won't do you any good in the long run--a judge will not and cannot force someone to remain married if they don't want to be married.
Yes, you have a legal opportunity to contest a divorce and the fact that your spouse is in prison (although that complicates things) doesnt really matter in this instance. However, when one spouse want s a divorce and goes through the motions of filing all the proper paperwork, etc there is not any way to really stop it absent a reconciliation. This is because the law views divorce as a partnership contract and you cannot keep someone in a contract against their will.
You could, but it might not work.
He can file for divorce but I doubt any judge would grant alimony.
Generally no, he just needs a lawyer and money to go to court.
Unfortunately, no. If one party to a marriage wants to get a divorce, then it will be granted with or without the consent of the other party. Courts simply will not enforce a situation where it is no longer working for some. You have the right to contest the divorce but declining the divorce will not stop the procedure from happening.
Unfortunately she has a divorce decree stating it is hers. You have 30 days after the divorce to contest the ruling.
File a petition for divorce in your local Clerk Of Court office. If your wife does not contest it, it should not be THAT difficult - however if she does contest it, or she wants to extort money from you in order to grant it to you, you may have a problem that will require an attorney skilled in these matters. But, in the meantime, at least go ahead and get started by filing the divorce petition and see what happens from there.
If she wants to, yes.
Just wait until you get out, or if she wants it too it'd be a whole lot easier for her to file for it since she's not stuck in jail. ADDED: I notice that your question doesn't mention that SHE wants a divorce from you. Although it would probably be easier for her to file for divorce in NC (if she even wants one) it IS possible for you to do it 'Pro Se' while in federal custody in SC (It's a little more difficult - But HEY, you've got nothing but time, right?). If she wishes to contest your request for divorce and if the two of you have any children it could really open a can of worms. If you have access to any legal aid while in prison see if you can get an appointment to talk with them. You aren't the first person to ever get divorced while in jail, so, it CAN be done.
The wife cannot refuse to divorce her husband, but she can contest the terms of the dissolution of marriage petition which usually causes the proceedings to be lengthy and expensive for all parties. If there is no disagreement on the terms and the non filing spouse refuses to accept the divorce summons the requesting spouse can file under the state's default laws.
He can have someone buy the correct papers from the court, send them to him and he can fill them out and send them to the correct place to file.
Michigan is a no-fault state. This means that you do not need to plead any grounds for divorce beyond the statutory words (i.e. 'There have been a breakdown...'). This also means that since you do not need to contest grounds for divorce there is never a trial held for the matter of the divorce itself. Simply, the divorce will happen, no matter what, even if the other party never responds to it. What the other party can contest, however, is the division of property and debts as well as custody of the children. In a divorce, all of the delay comes from dividing property and the children, and when there is a trial it is entirely about what property is marital property and marital debts and how those are divided. However, while Michigan is a no-fault state the relative fault of the parties in causing the divorce (e.g. adultery, abuse, etc.) can be a factor in divising property and can effect custody. But while this might change the relative allocation it will in no way stop the divorce from happening.