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In 135 the emperor Hadrian joined Judaea (the Latin for Judah) and Galilee and merged them with the Roman province of Syria. The two areas were renamed Syria Palaestina. Paleastina meant land of the Philistines. He did so because after a rebellion against his anti-Jewish policies, he persecuted the Jews and wanted to root out Judaism. He banned the Torah, executed ten rabbis and had the sacred scrolls burnt. He changed the name of Judah because he wanted erase the memory of Judah, a practice the Romans called damnatio memoriae. The Jews were also banned from entering Jerusalem, which he had renamed Aelia Capitolina. Aelia was the name of Hadrian's clan and Capitolina referred to the fact that he had dedicated the new Jerusalem (which he had rebuilt after it had been destroyed during the First Roman-Jewish War, 66-73) to the Roman god Jupiter Capitolinus.

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