The reconquista
Different groups held Spain at different times. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, it was under the control of the Visigoths and the Suevi. The Byzantines held the southeastern part for a while, and then the Visigoths conquered pretty much the whole of it. In 711 AD, Muslims invaded and took Spain over. In 722, a revolt began in the mountains of the North West, and this lead to the establishment of a number of Christian kingdoms, including Asturias, Galicia, Leon, Castile, Navarre, Aragon, Catalonia, and Portugal, many of which existed simultaneously. Finally, At the end of the Middle Ages, Leon had united with Castile, and the union was united with Aragon. The remaining important Christian Kingdoms were Spain and Portugal, and Grenada, the last Muslim kingdom, fell in 1492.
The reconquista was the crusade to drive out the Muslims from Spain
spain
the Visigoths separated from the Ostrogoths in the 4th century ad, raided Roman territories repeatedly, and established great kingdoms in Gaul and Spain.
Christians were referred to as Musta'rabs which in turn was a sub-classification of the broader classification Ahl Al Zimma
both were battles between Muslims and christian kingdoms in Spain
As a general answer, the Christian Kingdoms of northern Spain (Castille, Leon, Portugal, Aragon, etc.) wished to drive the Muslims out of Spain. These kingdoms eventually consolidated (except Portugal) into the Kingdom of Spain, led by Queen Isabella of Castille and King Ferdinand of Aragon, who made it their mission to remove the last Islamic Kingdom of Granada and expel all Muslims from Spain with the Inquisition.
The Muslims lost control of Spain due to several military defeats in northern Spain and the internal collapse of the Umayyad Empire. When the northern Christian Kingdoms were able to take advantage of squabbles between the numerous Islamic Kingdoms, the reconquest of Spain for Christianity proceeded much more quickly.
The Spanish March was the "buffer" region, created by Charlemagne, between Islamic and Christian kingdoms. It separated Muslim Spain, from the Christian, European kingdoms.
reconquista
Yes, by defeating the Eastern Roman Empire, based in Constantinople and renamed Istanbul, and a section of the Western Roman Empire, including all of Northern Africa and most of Spain.
Reconquista.
First found in Castile, predominant among the Christian kingdoms of mediaeval Spain.
Arab Muslims conquered most of Spain in a series of battles from 711 C.E. to 750 C.E. However, the Catholic Kingdoms of northern Spain were able to expel the Arab Muslim conquerors over the course of the subsequent 700-800 years.
Spain was historically a christian country when Muslims fought it and invaded it, it was ruled by Muslims but as the time passes the empire grew weaker and weaker and Christians fought to regain the country.
The last Moorish kingdom in Spain was defeated by the combined kingdoms of Castile, Leon and Aragon in 1492. The inhabitants simply wanted to return to a Christian community.
The Moorish Empire in Spain had been in decline for almost 300 years before its final fall. Over the centuries, its size already had declined from two-thirds of Spain to - in the end - only the city of Granada and the area around it. Its days of winning big battles against the Christian Kingdoms of Spain were long gone, and one by one the Moorish cities were conquered by the various Christian Kings. Moorish rulers increasingly became weak and pleasure-seeking and tried to hang on to what they had by negotiation, buying-off or even cooperation with their Christian enemies.