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Explain the softening of water by zeolite process?
For softening of water by zeolite process hard water is percolated at a specified rate through a bed of zeolite, kept in a cylinder. The hardness-causing ions(Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.) are retained by the zeolite as CaZe and MgZe; while the outgoing water contains sodium salts.
How can hard water be softened?
By the addition of washing soda (sodium carbonate)Calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water react with sodium carbonate to produce insoluble carbonates. The water now contains soluble and harmless sodium salts.Calgon processCalgon is a trade name of a complex salt, sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6. It is used for softening hard water. Calgon ionizes to give a complex anion:The addition of Calgon to hard water causes the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to displace sodium ions from the anion of Calgon.This results in the removal of calcium and magnesium ions from hard water in the form of a complex with Calgon. The water is softened and sodium ions are released into water.By the ion-exchange process (Permutit process)Permutit or sodium aluminum silicate is a complex chemical compound, which occurs as a natural mineral called Zeolite. Permutit or zeolites are insoluble in water and have the property of exchanging ions present in them with the ions present in the solution. Permutit or zeolites are packed in a suitable container and a slow stream of hard water is passed through this material. As a result, calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water are exchanged with sodium ions in the permutit (Na+Al-Silicate). The outgoing water contains sodium salts, which do not cause hardness.
What can be remove from water softening?
Hard water contains certain metals and calcium that some people don't like in their water because it causes the build up of limescale and changes they way one's soap feels. To remove these things one needs to soften the water which will remove the metals, calcium and other things.
What method will you use to remove both temporary and permanent hardness of water?
Permanent hardness of water can be a removed by the following ways: (a) By the use of soda: Soda removes both temporary and permanent hardness. It is also inexpensive and easy to use. This makes it the ideal substance for softening water in the home. (b) Other softening agents in the home: It is difficult for the housewife to be very precise in the use of soda and the water softened by soda may often contain an excess of it, which even if it is slight, may damage certain fabrics. Hence, other softening agents could be used. They are: (i) Soap: Soap is used as a softening agent. However, the use of soap as a softening agent is extravagant on account of its high cost compared with soda. (ii) Caustic soda: It removes temporary hardness but reduces permanent hardness only when the lather is very slight. (iii) Solution of Ammonia: It may be used for softening water, when the fabrics to be treated would be harmed by soda. If used in excess, ammonia may destroy the Iustre of rayon's, discolour and injure animal fabrics and loosen the dyes of coloured articles. Since, it is not possible to be very certain of the quantity to be used; this is not practicable for softening water. (iv) Borax: It is useful for softening water containing over 20% of hardness. Borax is usually used to reduce the alkalinity of soap solution rather than to soften water. (c) Removal of Permanent Hardness by the Base-Exchange Process: Base exchange process' is a chemical method by which, softening of permanent hardness in water can be done on a large scale or for household purposes. It is the most popular and effective means of softening hard water. It was discovered by Dr. Robert Gans, who found out the natural minerals called 'Zeolites', which is very effective in softening water. The Base-Exchange Process includes the following procedures: The water passes through specially prepared zeolite- a sodium compound, called base-exchange compound. it is has the property of being able to exchange its sodium base for another. When hard water passes through the zeolite, the hardening compounds of calcium and magnesium are caught up by the zeolite and become compounds of sodium. Since sodium salts in water do not precipitate out on heating or form soap curds the water is called 'soft'. When a given quantity of water, determined by the size of the appliance, has been softened, the zeolite becomes depleted; having parted with all its sodium, but this can be remedied, as the substance has the property of being able to exchange its base again and to take back sodium in place of calcium and magnesium. This process is called 'regeneration'.Zeolite water softeners made for domestic use are either connected with the men water-supply or fixed on to a water tap.
How does water softner work?
Depending on the exact chemical makeup of the water, the softener passes all the water through a variety of chemicals which remove the calciums and metals. Many softeners are purged every day or two (usually late at night) to clean and rejuvenate the softening minerals. -The reason for this whole operation is that hard water is bad for copper pipe and for cooking in.
How do you soften a plastic that's gone hard?
To soften a plastic that has become hard, heat can be applied to gently soften the plastic. Softening clay like Play-Doh requires water. Softening acrylic paint will require water. Softening oil based paint will require paint thinner. To soften leather, water can be used and the leather stretched back into shape before it dries.
How borax acts as water softening agent?
When borax is added to hard water elements like Mg and Ca react with borax and come out of water and water becomes soft
Explain the softening of water by zeolite process?
For softening of water by zeolite process hard water is percolated at a specified rate through a bed of zeolite, kept in a cylinder. The hardness-causing ions(Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.) are retained by the zeolite as CaZe and MgZe; while the outgoing water contains sodium salts.
Why do you need water softening?
there is chalk (CaCo3) in the water, which makes the water "hard"... i.e. if you wash your clothes, the fabric becomes stiff. But adding an agent to the chalky water will "soften" it, this means that the chalk will chemically be removed.
Is hard water a mixture or compound?
Hard water is a mixture: water containing calcium and magnesium carbonates, also some sulfates or chlorides.
How can hard water be softened?
By the addition of washing soda (sodium carbonate)Calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water react with sodium carbonate to produce insoluble carbonates. The water now contains soluble and harmless sodium salts.Calgon processCalgon is a trade name of a complex salt, sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6. It is used for softening hard water. Calgon ionizes to give a complex anion:The addition of Calgon to hard water causes the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to displace sodium ions from the anion of Calgon.This results in the removal of calcium and magnesium ions from hard water in the form of a complex with Calgon. The water is softened and sodium ions are released into water.By the ion-exchange process (Permutit process)Permutit or sodium aluminum silicate is a complex chemical compound, which occurs as a natural mineral called Zeolite. Permutit or zeolites are insoluble in water and have the property of exchanging ions present in them with the ions present in the solution. Permutit or zeolites are packed in a suitable container and a slow stream of hard water is passed through this material. As a result, calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water are exchanged with sodium ions in the permutit (Na+Al-Silicate). The outgoing water contains sodium salts, which do not cause hardness.
What has the author Suzanne B Badenhop written?
Suzanne B. Badenhop has written: 'Home plumbing problems' -- subject(s): Plumbing, Repairing 'Solving hard water problems' -- subject(s): Water, Hardness, Softening
What are the properties of a ionic compound?
They are hard and brittle, conduct electricity in water, and have high melting and boiling points. (:
What can be remove from water softening?
Hard water contains certain metals and calcium that some people don't like in their water because it causes the build up of limescale and changes they way one's soap feels. To remove these things one needs to soften the water which will remove the metals, calcium and other things.
Where can someone purchase a soft water drinking system?
Soft water is not for drinking so there are not really any soft water drinking systems. The process of water softening uses a form of rock salt to filter out the chemicals that make the water hard. This provides high levels of sodium in the water and while not exactly fatal, it is definitely not good for the body.
What method will you use to remove both temporary and permanent hardness of water?
Permanent hardness of water can be a removed by the following ways: (a) By the use of soda: Soda removes both temporary and permanent hardness. It is also inexpensive and easy to use. This makes it the ideal substance for softening water in the home. (b) Other softening agents in the home: It is difficult for the housewife to be very precise in the use of soda and the water softened by soda may often contain an excess of it, which even if it is slight, may damage certain fabrics. Hence, other softening agents could be used. They are: (i) Soap: Soap is used as a softening agent. However, the use of soap as a softening agent is extravagant on account of its high cost compared with soda. (ii) Caustic soda: It removes temporary hardness but reduces permanent hardness only when the lather is very slight. (iii) Solution of Ammonia: It may be used for softening water, when the fabrics to be treated would be harmed by soda. If used in excess, ammonia may destroy the Iustre of rayon's, discolour and injure animal fabrics and loosen the dyes of coloured articles. Since, it is not possible to be very certain of the quantity to be used; this is not practicable for softening water. (iv) Borax: It is useful for softening water containing over 20% of hardness. Borax is usually used to reduce the alkalinity of soap solution rather than to soften water. (c) Removal of Permanent Hardness by the Base-Exchange Process: Base exchange process' is a chemical method by which, softening of permanent hardness in water can be done on a large scale or for household purposes. It is the most popular and effective means of softening hard water. It was discovered by Dr. Robert Gans, who found out the natural minerals called 'Zeolites', which is very effective in softening water. The Base-Exchange Process includes the following procedures: The water passes through specially prepared zeolite- a sodium compound, called base-exchange compound. it is has the property of being able to exchange its sodium base for another. When hard water passes through the zeolite, the hardening compounds of calcium and magnesium are caught up by the zeolite and become compounds of sodium. Since sodium salts in water do not precipitate out on heating or form soap curds the water is called 'soft'. When a given quantity of water, determined by the size of the appliance, has been softened, the zeolite becomes depleted; having parted with all its sodium, but this can be remedied, as the substance has the property of being able to exchange its base again and to take back sodium in place of calcium and magnesium. This process is called 'regeneration'.Zeolite water softeners made for domestic use are either connected with the men water-supply or fixed on to a water tap.
What is a water softner?
Depending on the exact chemical makeup of the water, the softener passes all the water through a variety of chemicals which remove the calciums and metals. Many softeners are purged every day or two (usually late at night) to clean and rejuvenate the softening minerals. -The reason for this whole operation is that hard water is bad for copper pipe and for cooking in.
