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The number of neutral mutations distinguishing two species enables measurement of the length of time since the species diverged from a common ancestor.
It is a molecular species with the formula C6H12O6
neutral species reacts with itself to form ionic species
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Molecular biology is the study of how proteins and other molecules interact. Plant Molecular Biology studies this in plants. Each gene is a blueprint for a protein, and it is variation in genes that produces the differences between species, as well as inherited differences between individuals of the same species. So, by studying life at the molecular level we can gain new insights into nature of life. Plant molecular biology might include identifying and understanding useful proteins in one species that confer a trait such as disease or drought resistance, and introducing them into another species which you would like to have that trait. Alternatively, it might be useful for inventing a new weed killer that is specific to weed species, but does not kill the crop you are trying to protect.
Only neutral mutations are useful for molecular clocks because they accumulate in the DNA of different species at the same rate, while other mutations do not.
in the organic compounds, the extra elements are present in the covalent forms and these are the tests for ionic species, so organic compounds are fused with sodium metal to convert these elements into water soluble sodium salts (ionic species).
The number of neutral mutations distinguishing two species enables measurement of the length of time since the species diverged from a common ancestor.
It is a molecular species with the formula C6H12O6
Generally, a molecular clock is used to describe the rate of molecular change over time that tells you when two species, or taxa, have diverged.
Molecular. Covalently bonded between the species.
neutron
neutral species reacts with itself to form ionic species
If you look at the gene sequences of a species, you can see a clear homology among the same species. Distantly related species wont have similarity at DNA level. Hence by knowing the molecular level information one can predict the evolution of a species.
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the role in which molecular evidence play in determining how closely two species are related to each other is through the cladogram
Such organic species are alcohols and inorganic species include bicarbonate, bisulphate and biphosphate ions.