Malum prohibitum (plural mala prohibita) are crimes that do not require criminal intent. These are most often regulatory or public welfare offenses such as copyright infringement or building a house without a license.
Strict liability offenses do not require the defendant to have criminal intent, meaning they can be found guilty regardless of their mental state. Examples include traffic violations and some environmental crimes where the focus is on the action itself rather than the intent behind it.
Not necessarily. Many offenses that are considered sex offenses are not felonies. For example, indecent exposure is a misdemeanor in most states, but a conviction can require the defendant to register as a sex offender.
No. Felony offenses require a summary arrest (i.e.: taking you into custody).
No, it is pretty well established in case law that that arrests for minor violations such as those of municipal regulations, traffic or DMV offenses, and some minor misdemeanors do not necessarily require the defendant to be Mirandized.
It will depend on the specific circumstances. If they lied on their employment application, they can usually be terminated without a problem. If the conditions of employment require revealing all criminal charges they may be fired. Consult HR for specific requirements in your state.
Because most offenses occur within their presence or under conditions under which there is 'fresh pursuit. Also, due to the fact that the identify of the actual offender and their physical appearance, and addresses of the wanted offenders is known. Warrants are necessary for offenses in which the identity of the offender is not immediately known or clear, and require investigation and the development of probable cause to make an arrest, or for misdemeanors which do not occur in the officers presence. Traffic offenses are, of course, self-explanatory.
A "foul" commonly refers to the ten offenses for which a direct free kick or a penalty kick is awarded (called "penal fouls"), but technically includes the eight indirect free kick offenses as well. The latter group (IFK offenses) generally do not require there to be contact between players. Some of the penal fouls occur upon the making of inappropriate contact with an opponent, while others only require that the illegal contact be attempted. The first penal foul listed in the Laws of the Game is "kicks or attempts to kick an opponent"; contact is not necessary if the referee believes that the offender attempted to kick the opponent, but missed (in this case, the referee should consider that misconduct may also have to be sanctioned).
You must be more specific as to what offense you are referring to. Some minor offenses, while technically misdemeanors, do not require arraignment before court.
If the driver wants to dispute the offense, the only option is to appear for court, plead not guilty, and proceed with trial. In traffic, certain offenses do not require a court appearance, and the defendant can simply mail in a fine to avoid a court date. The police officer does not determine which offenses permit the defendant to pay a fine instead of appearing.
When a uniformed officer or a sheriff's deputy is responding to a Part I crime, they are required to write a report. Civil complaints, land lord tenant disputes, and other non- criminal offenses do not require a police report. The officer may write some comments on the mobile display terminal, but they will not write a report.
ALL crimes require a criminal act accompanied by a criminal intent.
If you are convicted of a crime, you may be placed on probation. Probation generally includes random drug screens. The court may also require a clear drug screen before entering a plea.