Mount Hira near Mecca
Muhammad was received to be the prophet, messenger of god
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) became the prophet of Islam religion per Quran revelation by God to him through the angel Gabriel (Jibril). Refer to question below for more information.
The prophet Mohammed is not mentioned by name
Mohammed lived his entire life in what is today Saudi Arabia with the one exception. He visited Jerusalem (Israel/Palestine) astride a buraq to receive revelation at the Temple Mount.
No, Mohammed is not recognized as a prophet by Catholics or any other Christian religion.
No, the Christians do not recognise Mohammed as any kind of prophet.
The prophet Mohammed pbuh died when he was sixty three. This is how how I come to this conclusion: 1)Mohammed was born in 570 AD 2) in 610 Ad Mohammed receives his first revelation. At this time Mohammed would be 40 3) Mohammed receives the Quran over a period of 23 years (40+23=63)
Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) taught that there is no one worthy of worship but Allah and prophet mohammed is His servant and messenger.
That there is one god Allah and Mohammed is his prophet.
The original leader of Islam religion per Quran revelation by God is prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
Islam was started long before prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It was started by God; the Creator; by start of universe creation. However, Islam per God revelation of Quran to prophet Muhammad (PBUH) started by start of Quran revelation through the angel Gabriel to prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on year 632 AD. Refer to questions below.
The Prophet p.b.u.h. was born in Mecca.