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Open loop and closed loop systems?

Updated: 8/10/2023
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9y ago

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Very generally, a closed-loop system will have some form of feedback that regulates the system behavior, whereas an open-loop system does not have this feedback.

As a simple example, imagine you driving a car on a freeway: your car enters at 50 MPH and you want to be driving at 65 MPH. You know that if you depress the pedal at a certain degree for a certain amount of time, you will eventually accelerate the car to 65 MPH. In an open-loop system, you would have to make the best guess for the angle and amount of time you need to depress the pedal. In a closed-loop system, you are watching your odometer in order to see that you've actually increased your speed to 67 MPH and need to lay off the gas a bit.

More importantly, if your car encounters a hill your closed-loop system will be able to recognize the fact that you require more acceleration to maintain your speed, whereas your open-loop system might slow down a lot.

It should be clear from this example that closed-loop systems are in general more robust to changes in the system state that aren't considered in your model.

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13y ago
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10y ago

An open-loop system is arbitrary, while a closed-loop system takes inputs from the environment and adjusts things accordingly.

To illustrate, lets consider an electric heater. If the temperature were controlled only by an on-off switch, that would be an open-loop system. That would be inconvenient and could be a safety hazard. But if there were a thermostat, you can set the temperature to what you want, and the thermostat would respond to the temperature and turn the heating element on and off as needed.

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12y ago

close loop control system: "A system in which the control action is somehow dependent on the output is called as closed loop system".

- For example: automatic electric iron, DC motor speed controlled by tacho feedback, railway reservation display system, missile launched and auto tracked by radar etc.

open loop control system "A system in which the control action is totally independent of the output of the system is called as open loop system".

- For example: automatic hand driver, automatic washing machine, bread toaster, traffic signal etc.

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9y ago

An open loop system bases input without taking into consideration any outside factors. A closed loop system will use other outside factors to determine its data.

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Q: Open loop and closed loop systems?
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