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In an opera, the beginning of an orchestral piece is called an overture. Other orchestral performances don't have a special name for the beginning.
Sinfonietta
Yes. It was orginially written as an orchestral waltz by Johann Strauss Jr., and words were added later for a solo singer.
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the famous four-movement orchestral piece. Maurice Ravel wrote a set of three exotic songs for soprano and orchestra.
A tone poem is a single-movement orchestral work that expresses a specific idea or story through music, typically symphonic in form but with more flexibility in structure and content than a traditional symphony. A program symphony, on the other hand, is a multi-movement orchestral work where each movement represents a different aspect of a program or story, typically unified by a common theme or narrative thread running through the entire piece.
Symphonic poem
Typically an overture is a one-movement orchestral piece written either as the prelude to an opera or musical play or as a stand-alone symphonic piece, frequently illustrating a literary theme or story, such as Tchaikovsky's Fantasy-Overture, Romeo and Juliet.
an arrangementAlso known as a "transcription".
"Haggis In Moonlight" by Richard E. Spendheimer
A tone poem is a form of orchestral music that tells a story or conveys a specific mood, idea, or image through music. It is a single-movement piece that typically follows a program or narrative, allowing the composer to express emotions and ideas without the limitations of traditional musical forms. Examples include Richard Strauss's "Also sprach Zarathustra" and Claude Debussy's "La Mer."
The Overture ... an introduction to an extended work.
The Overture ... an introduction to an extended work.