Fossil fuels
Rock strata reveal changes. Some strata in a particular region might contain shallow sea organisms, overlain by strata containing deep sea organisms, and these in turned are overlaid by strata that are clearly aeolian (wind) deposits. Varying fossil compositions in overlaying sedimentary strata also indicate changes over vast stretches of time. In the John Day Fossil beds in Oregon, we can trace climate changes over millions of years. I'm not really certain what is meant by "geologic evolution." Evolution typically refers to biological evolution, although astronomers use the word "evolution" to describe the life cycle of stars. I don't recall "evolution" being used to describe geologic processes in any geology course I took.
Changes to continents, climate, sea level, and other environmental factors have occurred throughout Earth's history. These changes have happened over millions of years and have shaped the course of evolution. For example, the breakup of continents and the formation of new ones have created barriers that isolated species and led to the development of new species. Climate change has also influenced the distribution of species and their adaptations, while changes in sea level have created opportunities for migration and colonization of new habitats.
Evolution, of course! Biological evolution.
Contingent evolution is one of the forces of Darwin's theory of evolution. It is based on the concept of how power of accidents and happenstance shape the course of evolution.
Yes, of course; lithologically, structurally and as an erosion feature.
Over the course of time, there are many changes brought about by evolution in the type of treatment for bacterial disease. Some years ago, people would die of simple bacterial diseases when today, they can be fully cured even at home.
Selective Breeding of course!
ya of course keep trying
Somewhat. They even have a unit for it. Called a darwin, of course.
speciation is the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
Geological "evolution" is based on reliably predictable patterns, for example the process of the formation of mountains as a result of tectonic stress, and the subsequent erosion of those mountains. The patterns are dictated by the laws of physics. Also, there is no "genetic material" that is inherited by a next "generation" of mountains. Biological evolution, though it of course needs to operate within the constraints of the laws of physics and chemistry, is much harder or even impossible to predict as there are very complex co-dependent factors influencing the direction the evolution of a species will take. Each generation also drives the evolution of its species in a specific direction by inheriting the genetic code of its ancestors. For example, the formation of mountains will follow the same pattern independent of the climate, while biological evolution is certainly influenced by climate.
monkeys of course