The word 'excelled' is the past tense of the verb to excel.
Example: Jeff did well in all of his subjects but he excelled in math.
The word excelled is a verb. It is the past tense of the verb "excel" which means to surpass.
The part of speech for this particular word is a noun.
part of speech
The part of speech for "answer" is a noun.
what part of speech is beneath
adverb
you excelled on your test
The part of speech for "explicit" is an adjective.
The part of speech for "lecturer" is a noun.
The part of speech for "rapid" is an adjective.
The part of speech for "breezy" is an adjective.
The part of speech for "buried" is a verb.