initial appearance
arraignment !!
In New Zealand, what you talk of is "plea-bargaining" and does not mean the criminal is not sentenced or that the case is dismissed, but it does mean the criminal or prosecution will get lesser of a sentence eg less money to pay, or less of a sentence in jail.
In criminal cases, the City or County Attorney will offer a sentencing option. This can incorporate jail time, fines, community service, restitution IN a variety of combinations, depending on the standard for the jurisdiction. An unrepresented defendant (pro se) may opt to accept this offer and chose to enter a guilty plea. Plea bargaining is done between a defense attorney and the prosecutor and a plea agreement s reached or the case is set for trial. Many defendants who do not qualify for a court-appointed attorney but have limited funds, chose to accept the initial offer and thus there is no plea bargaining.
At Arraignment.
Not familiar with the terminology "throw out plea," but it sounds as if the defense attorney is offering ("throwing out") the offer of a plea bargain in exchange for a pleading his client guilty to a lesser offense.
This really needs advice from an attorney in PA- but yes, it MAY. A plea of "no contest" is treated as a plea of guilty in many criminal proceedings. Will depend on the specific case, and the offense.
In a criminal case, a charge is the specific criminal act that the accused is alleged to have committed. For example, a person could be charged with murder or possession of a controlled substance. A plea is the defendant's formal response. Typically, the defendant can plead guilty or not guilty, and sometimes nolo contendre.
civil trial is a settlement criminal trial is a plea agreement
When you plea the fifth, you are saying that you refuse to answer the question because the answer might incriminate you. It comes from the fifth amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which says, "...nor shall [a citizen] be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,..." Any witness can plea the fifth if they so choose.
(in the US) That cannot, and does not, occur in criminal cases.
"Entering a plea" means the offiical declaration of your plea in the case in which you were charged (i.e.- 'enter' a plea of guilty - 'enter' a plea of not guilty).
A "settlement" conference? Sounds like it's a euphemism for a plea bargain session.
In Criminal law mitigation of punishment refers to reduction in punishment due to mitigating circumstances that reduce the criminal's level of culpability. You could probably try for a plea bargain. Plead guilty to a lesser offense, or offer to trade information for a reduced sentence.