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The most practical application is fluorescence. By passing electricity through a gas, you "excite" the electrons in the atom. Atoms "prefer" to stay at lower levels of energy. In order for the atom to lower its energy, it gives out light in photons.

Because of this phenomenon, we can make neon signs, fluorescent light bulbs and even find the chemical make up of different objects using spectroscopy.

A typical person probably has seen a neon sign at a bar and nowadays we have stopped using incandescent light bulbs and moved to the more efficient CFLs. (CFLs are about 4 times more energy efficient than light bulbs.) Mercury is the most prominent element in CFL bulbs and when excited, the atoms give off photons of light that are red, green and blue. The mixing of these colors give us white light. Mercury also gives off photons in the ultraviolet spectrum, which is invisible. The light bulb has a special coating that takes the energy of the UV photon and gives off a different photon in the visible light spectrum. This is why CFLs seem to have a blue tint to them.

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Q: Practical application of passing electricity though a gas?
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