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What is a 2 mm ophthamalic artery aneurysm and is it dangerous?
That can only be answered by the ophthalmologist who discovered it and diagnosed it. He had no business dismissing you from his office before he had fully explained it to you and answered all of your questions. Call him now !
Is Cerebral Palsy a desise?
No, Cerebral Palsy is a developmental disorder caused by complications either before birth or just after birth.
What is the last brain region before the spinal cord?
cerebral cortex
Can you survive without a cerebral cortex?
Probably not, even be lost before birth.
Brain aneurysm repair?
DefinitionAn aneurysm is a weak area in the wall of a blood vessel that causes the blood vessel to bulge or balloon out. It can leak blood and cause a stroke or bleeding along the surface of the brain (also called a subarachnoid hemorrhage).See also: Aneurysm in the brainAlternative NamesAneurysm repair - cerebral; Cerebral aneurysm repair; Coiling; Saccular aneurysm repair; Berry aneurysm repair; Fusiform aneurysm repair; Dissecting aneurysm repair; Endovascular aneurysm repair - brainDescriptionYour doctor will decide the best way to perform surgery on your aneurysm. Endovascular repair, most often using a "coil" or coiling, is a less invasive way to treat some aneurysms.During endovascular repair of an aneurysm, your surgeon blocks off the aneurysm before it can break open (ruptures).It is usually done in the radiology section of the hospital. You will have general anesthesia and a breathing tube.A catheter is guided through a small cut in your groin to an artery and then to the small blood vessels in your brain where the aneurysm is. Thin metal wires are put into the aneurysm. They then coil up into a mesh ball. Blood clots that form around this coil prevent the aneurysm from breaking open and bleeding.During and right after this procedure, you may be given a blood thinner called heparin.Why the Procedure Is PerformedIf an aneurysm in the brain ruptures, it is an emergency and needs medical treatment, and often surgery. Endovascular repair is more often used when this happens.A person may have an aneurysm but not any symptoms. This kind of aneurysm may have been noticed when an MRI of your brain was done for another reason.Your doctor will help you decide whether it is safer to have surgery on the aneurysm or not.Clipping is the more common way to repair an aneurysm. This is done during an open craniotomy. See also: Brain surgery(craniotomy)RisksRisks for any anesthesia are:Reactions to medicationsBreathing problemsPossible risks of brain surgery are:Surgery on any one area may cause problems with speech, memory, muscle weakness, balance, vision, coordination, and other functions. These problems may be mild or severe, and they may last a short while or they may not go away.Blood clot or bleeding in the brainSeizuresStrokeInfection in the brainBrain swellingSigns of neurological problems include:Vision problems(from blindness to peripheral vision problems)Speech problemsConfusionProblems noticing things around youBehavior changesLoss of balanceor coordinationBefore the ProcedureThis procedure is often performed on an emergency basis. If it is not an emergency:Tell your doctor or nurse what drugs or herbs you are taking and if you have been drinking a lot of alcohol.Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of the surgery.Always try to stop smoking.You will usually be asked not to eat or drink anything for 8 hours before the surgery.Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive.After the ProcedureA hospital stay for endovascular repair of an aneurysm may be as short as 1 to 2 days if there was no bleeding beforehand.The hospital stay after craniotomy and aneurysm clipping is usually around 4 to 6 days. When bleeding or other complications occur before or during surgery, the hospital stay can be 1 to 2 weeks, or more.You will probably have an x-ray test of the blood vessels in the brain (angiogram) before you are sent home.Outlook (Prognosis)After successful surgical treatment for an aneurysm, it is uncommon for it to bleed again. Growth of the aneurysm may be less likely after craniotomy and clipping when compared to intravascular repair, and both are more likely to prevent enlargement and bursting when compared to doing nothing.The outlook also depends on any brain damage that occurred from bleeding before, during, or after the surgery.ReferencesBashir Q, Badruddin A, Aletich V. Endovascular techniques for stroke prevention. Neurol Clinic. 2008 Nov;26(4): 1099-127.Patterson JT, Hanbali F, Franklin RL, Nauta HJW. Neurosurgey. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 72.
Why is cerebral cortex also known as new brain?
Evolutionary biologists believe that reptiles existed before mammals, and that mammals evolved from reptiles. Reptiles do not have a cerebral cortex in their brains, but mammals do, therefore, in evolutionary terms, the cerebral cortex is new.
What are the risks of having brain aneurysm surgery?
Brain Aneurysm surgery has several risks that should be acknowledged by each patient before surgery. The risks are severe bleeding, second rupture of the aneurysm and development of vasospasm after surgery, because the clipping of the aneurysm was not possible during surgery.
What is the name of a neurological disorder that is the result of brain damage before birth?
cerebral palsy
True or false Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself it must make itself more compact This is accomplished by the double helix coiling up on itself?
true
Aneurysm in the brain?
DefinitionAn aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of a section of a blood vessel. When an aneurysm occurs in the brain, it is called a cerebral aneurysm.Alternative NamesAneurysm - cerebral; Cerebral aneurysmCauses, incidence, and risk factorsAneurysms in the brain occur when there is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm may be present from birth (congenital) or it may develop later in life. (For example, after a blood vessel is injured.)There are many different types of aneurysms. A berry aneurysm can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter. Giant berry aneurysms can reach well over 2 centimeters. These are more common in adults. Multiple berry aneurysms are inherited more often than other types of aneurysms.Other types of cerebral aneurysm involve widening of an entire blood vessel, or they may appear as a "ballooning out" of part of a blood vessel. Such aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel that supplies the brain. Trauma and infection, which can injure the blood vessel wall, can cause such aneurysms.About 5% of the population has some type of aneurysm in the brain. Risk factors include a family history of cerebral aneurysms, and certain medical problems such as polycystic kidney diseaseand coarctation of the aorta.SymptomsAneurysms usually cause no symptoms unless they rupture and cause bleeding into the brain. Often, an aneurysm is found when a CT scan or MRI is performed for another reason. Symptoms occur if the aneurysm pushes on nearby structures in the brain.Symptoms depend on what structure the aneurysm pushes on, but may include:Double visionLoss of visionHeadachesEye painNeck painA sudden, severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of your life") is one symptom that an aneurysm has ruptured. Other symptoms of an aneurysm rupture may include:Confusion, lethargy, sleepiness, or stuporEyelid droopingHeadaches with nausea or vomitingMuscle weaknessor difficulty moving any part of the bodyNumbness or decreased sensationin any part of the bodySeizuresSlow, sluggish, lethargic movementSpeech impairmentStiff neck (occasionally)Sudden onset of irritability, impulsivity, or poor temper controlVision changes (double vision, loss of vision)NOTE: A ruptured aneurysm is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical help.Signs and testsAn eye exam may show increased pressure within the brain (raised intracranial pressure), including swelling of the optic nerve or bleeding into the retina of the eye.The following tests may be used to diagnose cerebral aneurysm and determine the cause of bleeding within the brain:CT scan of the headCSF exam(spinal tap)MRI of the head(CT scans may be better at showing bleeding in the brain)Cerebral angiography or spiral CT scan angiography of the head to reveal the location and size of the aneurysmElectroencephalogram (EEG) if seizures occurTreatmentSymptoms often do not appear until bleeding (a rupture) occurs. A ruptured cerebral aneurysm is an emergency condition. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and prevent further bleeding. Lowering blood pressure can reduce the risk.Neurosurgery is the main treatment for cerebral aneurysm. The base of the aneurysm is closed off with clamps, sutures, or other materials that prevent blood flow through the aneurysm.In many cases, an alternative to surgery can be done by placing special coils or stents into the aneurysm through the arteries, which causes a clot to form and prevents further bleeding. This approach is considered less invasive than brain surgery, and in the appropriate circumstances, it is regarded as the best form of treatment.If surgery cannot be done because of the patient's overall condition or the aneurym's location or size, medical treatment is similar to treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment may involve:Complete bedrest and activity restrictionsDrugs to prevent seizuresMedicines to control headaches and blood pressureOnce the aneurysm is repaired, prevention of stroke due to blood vessel spasm may be necessary. This may include intravenous fluids, certain medications, and actually letting one's blood pressure run high.Expectations (prognosis)The outcome varies. Patients who are in deep comas after an aneurysm rupture generally do not do as well as those with less severe symptoms.Ruptured cerebral aneurysms are often deadly. About 25% of people die within 1 day, and another 25% die within about 3 months. Of those who survive, more than half will have some sort of permanent disability.ComplicationsIncreased fluid pressure inside the skullLoss of movement in one or more parts of the bodyOther neurological problems (such as vision changes, difficulty speaking, or cognitive decline)Permanent loss of sensation of any part of the face or bodySeizures, epilepsyStrokeSubarachnoid hemorrhageCalling your health care providerGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if sudden or severe headache occurs, particularly if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other neurological symptoms. Also call if you have a headache that is unusual for you, especially if it is severe or "the worst headache ever."PreventionThere is no known way to prevent the formation of a cerebral aneurysm. If discovered in time, unruptured aneurysms can be treated before causing problems.The decision to repair an unruptured cerebral aneurysm is based on the size and location of the aneurysm, and the patient's age and general health. It must be carefully considered given the risks both in operating and in watchful waiting.
What caused Sunny Johnson's death?
A brain aneurysm burst while she was bathing, and died before medics even got there.
Why is abdominal ultrasound used when an abdominal aortic aneurysm is suspected?
it can be readily identified and monitored with ultrasound before acute complications result.
