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Secondary storage and main memory are both types of memory used in a computer, but they differ in terms of their speed, capacity, cost, and volatility.

Main memory, also known as primary memory or RAM (Random Access Memory), is a fast, volatile, and temporary form of memory that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) uses to store data and instructions that it is currently processing. Main memory is directly accessible by the CPU and has faster read/write speeds compared to secondary storage. However, main memory is volatile, which means that it loses its contents when the power is turned off or in case of a system failure. An example of main memory is DDR4 RAM.

Secondary storage, also known as external memory or non-volatile memory, is a slower, larger, and more permanent form of memory that the computer uses to store data and programs that are not currently in use. Secondary storage is not directly accessible by the CPU and has slower read/write speeds compared to main memory. However, secondary storage is non-volatile, which means that it retains its contents even when the power is turned off. An example of secondary storage is a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD).

A computer needs both main memory and secondary storage to work efficiently. Main memory provides fast access to data and instructions that the CPU is currently processing, while secondary storage provides a larger and more permanent storage space for data and programs that are not currently in use. Without main memory, the CPU would have to constantly read and write from secondary storage, which would significantly slow down the system's performance. Without secondary storage, the computer would not be able to store large amounts of data and programs permanently.

An example of main memory usage is when a user opens a word processing program, and the program's instructions and data are loaded into main memory for processing. An example of secondary storage usage is when a user saves a document to their hard disk drive, where it is stored permanently until the user deletes it.

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Aimen Riaz

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