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The meniscus rule states that you always measure the volume of a water-based solution from the bottom of the meniscus when you are using a graduated cylinder.
Using a pipette with air bubbles leads to errors.
Pipettes are used to move specific volumes of fluid between containers. For very small volumes, or very precise applications, a large error in the desired fluid volume can have a very large impact. Calibrating a pipette ensures that the volume desired is the volume collected. Proper sealing of pipette tips can also have a large impact on fluid volumes collected.
The meniscus. Make sure to always measure at that point. If your graduated cylinder/pipet/etc has the meniscus at 10 mL then the glassware has 10 mL in it.
If using a graduated cylinder, take into consideration the meniscus, which presents itself as a concave depression on the surface of the liquid in a cylindrical vessel or a convex bulge if such a container is filled to the brim. The height of the meniscus should be divided in half. If you don't have a graduated cylinder, utilize the formula pi times radius squared times the height (don't forget to adjust for the meniscus) of the liquid in a cylinder.
The bottom of the meniscus should be halfway between the 5.1-mL mark and the 5.2-mL mark
The pipette is used to draw up fluids, some like using a straw.
The pipette is used to draw up fluids, some like using a straw.
The meniscus rule states that you always measure the volume of a water-based solution from the bottom of the meniscus when you are using a graduated cylinder.
Using a pipette with air bubbles leads to errors.
by using a pipette and a suction bulb
meniscus
Pipettes are used to move specific volumes of fluid between containers. For very small volumes, or very precise applications, a large error in the desired fluid volume can have a very large impact. Calibrating a pipette ensures that the volume desired is the volume collected. Proper sealing of pipette tips can also have a large impact on fluid volumes collected.
A pipette bulb is the rounded part of a pipette which you squeeze the air out of, then release to draw liquid into the pipette. If you are using a calibrated glass pipette, it will be a separate piece made of rubber which is fitted to the pipette. If it is a simple plastic pipette then the bulb will be made of the same semi-transparent plastic, and the pipette will all be one piece.
a meniscus
An Epppendorf pipet is what is called a constant volume pipet. It consists of a barrel with a a push button on one end and a stem on the other. You attach a single use disposable tip to the stem. Some models allow you to set the volume to be dispensed, some are not adjustable. In use, , you depress the push button to the first stop, insert the tip into the liquid to be pipetted, and release the button smoothly to draw up the liquid. Then, transfer the pipet to the receiving vessel and depress the button past the first stop to the second stop, this dispenses the liquid and blows out the last drop to insure accuracy, then discard the tip before the next use. Every time you draw up liquid, you get the exact same volume, with very high precision.
The meniscus. Make sure to always measure at that point. If your graduated cylinder/pipet/etc has the meniscus at 10 mL then the glassware has 10 mL in it.