What is the difference between conservation and restoration?
There is much confusion about the use of the terms conservation
and restoration. Literally, "restoration" means to return something
to its original condition by means of rebuilding, repairing,
repainting, etc. The definition of "conservation", on the other
hand, literally means preservation of the current state, adding
nothing that would change that state. In terms of art conservation,
that would mean stabilizing the art, preserving the integrity of
it, making sure that its true aesthetic is revealed without
changing the artist's intent, or losing valuable historical
information (especially in the case of archaeological material
where crusts and corrosion are often an indicator of
authenticity).
In the art world the terms Conservation and Restoration are
often used interchangeably and their precise definitions are
somewhat elusive. Added to this is the fact that in Europe these
terms are used quite differently. A Conservateur is usually a
curator or preservation officer associated with a cultural
institution. A Restoreur is any technician who applies their
knowledge, experience and artistic abilities to the cleaning,
stabilization, repair and restoration to works of art or objects of
historical or artistic value.
In recent years the AIC (American Institute for Conservation of
Historic and Artistic Works) has sought to clarify these terms and
make it clear that there are ethical ways to restore art and there
are also improper ways to conserve it. The absolute definitions of
these terms is therefore less important than the dedication of
practitioners to follow a set of rules or guidelines that would
ensure the continued existence of the art without causing damage,
and make sure that any restorations are detectable and reversible.
It is also essential that practitioners have adequate knowledge,
experience and talent to carry out effective and ethical
treatments.
Please go to the AIC website link below for more information
about the Code of Ethics and Standards for Practice that all
qualified Conservators should be adhering to. A referral list of
qualified practitioners is available, as well as help on choosing
an art conservator/restorer.