The C++11 Standard Template Library (STL) introduced hash table functionality via the unordered associative containers: unordered_set; unordered_multiset; unordered_map and; unordered_multimap. Like their ordered counterparts, the unordered set and multiset store values of a specific type (such that the values form the keys), whereas the map and multimap variants store key/value pairs (std::pair). Both unordered set and map allow no duplicates, whereas the multiset and multimap variants do allow duplicates.
If you are still using C++98 or earlier you will need to use non-standard hash table containers such as those provided by the Boost library, which can also be used as alternatives to the C++11 STL versions. Of course, such is the flexibility of C++ that you can also roll your own generic or indeed specific implementations.
Quadratic probing is a collision resolution technique used in hash tables. In C++, you can implement it by defining a hash table class and a hash function, then using a quadratic formula to calculate the next index when a collision occurs. The formula typically used is (hash + i^2) % table_size, where i is the number of attempts. Here's a simple implementation outline: #include <iostream> #include <vector> class QuadraticProbingHashTable { std::vector<int> table; int size; public: QuadraticProbingHashTable(int s) : size(s), table(s, -1) {} void insert(int key) { int index = key % size; int i = 0; while (table[index] != -1) { index = (index + i * i) % size; // Quadratic probing i++; } table[index] = key; } void display() { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) std::cout << i << ": " << table[i] << std::endl; } }; This code snippet initializes a hash table, inserts keys using quadratic probing, and displays the table's contents.
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It is obviously 57.its simple if you dont know your 8 times table count from the 6 times table and then add 9.very simple question
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Assuming you mean a code block, a group of simple statements enclosed in braces {} is regarded as a code block. In other words, a compound statement. Braces are not required around simple statements except when the statement is the body of a function (where braces are mandatory).
all preprocessor directives start with #(hash) symbol in both c & c++
You're talking about password entry. For that you will need a one-way cryptographic hashing function. The hashing function converts a user's name and password into a hash value which can be openly stored on disk. Being a one-way function, even if an intruder knows the hash values, it is not possible for them to determine which user name and password combination was used to generate which hash value other than by brute force. The most widely used cryptographic hash functions are SHA-1 (Secure Hash algorithm 1) and MD5 (named after the Merkle-Damgård construction upon which it is based). However, SHA-1 implementations are being dropped due to well-funded intrusions which suggest it is no longer secure. It has since been replaced by SHA-2 and SHA-3.
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A "site code" for reading plus is a code usually given to you by your teacher. Everyone in your school uses this code. You will have to use this the first time you sign in on reading plus.
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