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Tropic of Capricorn
These all pass within 5 degrees of the zenith: Hamal (Alpha Arieties), Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri), Algieba (Gamma Leonis), Arcturus (Alpha Bootis), There are other fainter ones as well
Daylight starts and ends with the centre of the Sun theoretically at a zenith distance of 90 degrees 50 minutes. It is more than 90 degrees to allow for atmospheric refraction and also because the top edge of the visible Sun must be level with the horizon. The length of daylight depends on the Sun's declination and the observer's latitude. When these two factors are equal the Sun passes overhead at midday.
An object seen halfway between the horizon and the zenith has an altitude of 45 degrees.An object seen due east of the observer has an azimuth of 90 degrees.
The zenith.
Tropic of Capricorn
solar altitude angle= (90 degree - zenith angle )
Perth is at 32 degrees south and on the summer solstice the Sun's declination is 23½ degrees south. Therefore the Sun is 32-23½ degrees or 8½ degrees from the zenith, that is 81½ degrees above the horizon.
These all pass within 5 degrees of the zenith: Hamal (Alpha Arieties), Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri), Algieba (Gamma Leonis), Arcturus (Alpha Bootis), There are other fainter ones as well
Daylight starts and ends with the centre of the Sun theoretically at a zenith distance of 90 degrees 50 minutes. It is more than 90 degrees to allow for atmospheric refraction and also because the top edge of the visible Sun must be level with the horizon. The length of daylight depends on the Sun's declination and the observer's latitude. When these two factors are equal the Sun passes overhead at midday.
That depends on your latitude. Also, it does NOT depend on the season. If a star passes near the zenith in Summer, it will also pass near the Zenith in Winter, although it may not be visible in one season or the other (when it passes near the Zenith during the daytime).
The "tropics" are the part of the earth between 23.5 degrees North or South and between these lines the weather is generally hot all year round.On the tropic lines themselves, the sun only passes through the zenith once per year (on the June or December solstice) but any location between these lines, the sun will transit through the zenith on two days of the solar year.
If you are located anywhere on earth that's more than 23.5 degrees from the equator, then the sun can never appear at your zenith. If you're anywhere within 23.5 degrees of the equator, then the sun will appear at your zenith, or very close to it, twice each year.
Humans perceive in Euclidean space -> straight lines and planes. The circle that passes through the south point, north point and the point directly over.
90 degrees.
30 degrees for observers at a latitude of 30 degrees north
I can not find any reference to a Meridian in the Solar System. In astronomy, there is the Earth's meridian. That's a "great circle" on the "celestial sphere". It passes through the "celestial poles" and also through the "zenith" at the observer's location.