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Switches have three primary modes to handle frame switching Which one of these modes look at the destination address and then immediately forwards the frame to the destination?
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What network component operates at layer 3 of the OSI RMrm and forwards network protocols such as ip toward their destination?
Routers and layer 3 switches work at Layer 3 of OSI model.
What type of service does a SIP proxy provide to the user?
A SIP proxy forwards a request to a destination or destinations. The proxy collects what it deems to be the best response from each destination and forwards those responses back to the user.
Explain the store and forward method of switching give the advantage and disadvantage of this message switching technique what is packet switching?
In this type of switching, the entire frame is read and stored in memory before being sent to the destination device. The switch checks the integrity of the bits in the frame by recalculating the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value. If the calculated CRC value is the same as the CRC field value in the frame, the switch forwards the frame out the destination port. The switch does not forward frames if the CRC values do not match. The CRC value is located within the frame check sequence (FCS) field of an Ethernet frame. Although this method keeps damaged frames from being switched to other network segments, it introduces the highest amount of latency. Due to the latency incurred by the store and forward method, it is typically only used in environments where errors are likely to occur, such as environments that have a high probability of EMI.
What are true statements about routes and their use?
--> If the destination network is directly connected, the router forwards the packet to the destination host. --> If no route exists for the destination network and a default route is present, the packet is forwarded to the next-hop router. --> If the originating host has a default gateway configured, the packet for a remote network can be forwarded using that route.
How are layer 2 switches similar to layer 3 switches?
A layer 2 switch at it's core only forwards data within a LAN and only deals with MAC addresses. A layer 3 switch has the capability of forwarding frames and packets because it understands IP addresses.
Packet switch and message switch?
packet switching can be considered an improvement over message switching.Similar to message switching,packet switching forwards data on first come first serve basis between nodes and no dedication connection is made (as it is done in circuit switching). But unlike message switching,packet switching puts an upper limit on the maximum size of the packet.If the packet size is greater than the maximum,it is segmented and then transmitted.Each segment has separate header which increases the overhead. But it reduces the average delays.Also in case of packet switching data is not stored for later transmission to a currently busy or inactive terminal.It just takes care of data transmission between nodes
How should you rotate your tires on rear wheel drive vehicle?
With unidirectional tread tires, LR switches with LF, and RR switches with RF. With omnidirectional tread tires, the rear wheels are transferred forwards and remain on their original side, while the front tire are crossed over to their opposite rear side.
Difference between layer2 and layer3 switch?
A network device that forwards traffic based on layer 3 information at very high speeds. Traditionally, routers, which inspect layer 3, were considerably slower than layer 2 switches. In order to increase routing speeds, many "cut-through" techniques were used, which perform an "inspect the first packet at layer 3 and send the rest at layer 2" type of processing. Ipsilon's IP Switch and Cabletron's SecureFast switches were pioneers in cut-through switching.
When the destination network is not listed in the routing table of a cisco router what are two possible options the router might take?
The router discards the packet. The router forwards the packet via the default route
What processes does a switch follow before it forwards a frame in store and forward mode?
it receives the complete frame it reads the source and destination addresses it preforms a cyclic redundancy check it applies the relevant filters.
If backwards is forwards and forwards is sideways then what is up?
vertical
What type of switches propagate flawed packets and can contribute to greater network congestion?
Any switch that does not support store and forward can potentially propogate flawed frames/packets and contribute to network congestion. There are 3 Main types of switching: Store and Forward - Stores the entire frame, runs a crc check and forwards the frame if no errors are found. Most reliable, but has somewhat high latency. Fragment Free Switching - begins to forward the frame after the first 64 bytes of the frame if they are error free. Most errors will occur in the first 64 bytes, so this is generally a preferred compromise of speed and reliability. Cut Through - Forwards frame immediately after first 14 bytes are received. This provides extremely low latency and can be helpful in some environments like an iSCSI SAN. However when using cut through in a mission critical environment you want to make sure cabling and configuration are all optimum. It is a good idea to periodically check interface statistic for errors, and resolve any significant errors you find.
