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Q.5 Your organization has a CNC machine, which was purchased 7 years before for Rs. 25 lakhs. As a head of maintenance function you are asked to take a replacement decision based on the following data: Cost category Old machine New machine Obtaining details about reconditioning / purchasing 1000 8000 Visit to machine manufacturer - 25,000 Documentation for reconditioning / purchasing 1000 4000 Reconditioning / purchasing cost 2,00,000 35,00,000 Transportation - 10,000 Tax - 25,000 Installation 1000 10,000 Annual operating expense 1,00,000 Savings in operating expenses - 10% Useful life 3 years 10 years Annual R&M expenses 25,000 10,000 Disposal value of old machine 8,00,000 Assume rest of the expenses to be same in both the choices. Categorize the costs into life cycle cost heads. Suggest the best option. Ignore time value of money [10]
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Is there any recent international trade theory?
Product life cycle
What are product life cycle of orange juice?
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What is the product life cycle of Honda?
Generally longer by 50 percent than any other motor vehicle.
Product life cycle of Yamaha rx 100?
According to my knowledge , any two wheeler has a maximum lifetime span of 1.5 Lakh kilometres for the engine.
What are the activities of a quality assurance department?
Well, the quality assurance dept. for any production company involves in verification and validation of the product throughout the product life cycle (Requirement Analysis to Release of the product). They perform inspections and validations of the product at every phase and they are responsible for the successful roll-out of the product.
What is the keel billed toucan life cycle?
The life cycle of any bird is: egg --> chick --> juvenile --> adult.
How have humans affected the Antarctic life cycle?
Humans in Antarctica do not step into the life cycle of any animal they study.
Explain concept of life cycle in operations management?
1. IntroductionEvery organization has an objective or objectives and goals to achieve. These objectives and goals achieving can be possible only when management organizing the available recourses in a suitable structure with a plan. The whole process of achieving objectives like planning, organizing and implementation and correction process by means of feedback bring together by operation management. The physical resources like space, machinery, money and men who organize those physical will take major role in the operation management. The objectives related to both performance and cost, decision making process related production or operation of the organization, strategic and operational and feedback control system will play important role in deciding life cycle of any organization. The various stages and their life span each stage life cycle of system is discussed in the next section. 2. Life cycle concept Life cycle concept is applied in operational management for any production system which takes input and produces some out put by using some process. The production system may be mass production, batch production, Job shop production or unit manufacture or project. The different production system is applicable to process of production depends on the type of product we produce and the volume of the process we use to produce the goods. The whole process of operation form birth to death of a production system can be viewed as definite Life cycle. The life cycle concept of any product is similar to any life cycle of a living being. The major stages in the life cycle concept are 1) Development 2) Introduction or Birth 3) Growth 4) Maturity 5) Decline or Death. The similar Life cycle concept we can apply to any product in production system. The Typical product Life- cycle is represented in Figure A1-1. The concept also shows the product life influenced by the external environment and go through the various stages in its life cycle. Through out the cycle the whole process of operation management is applied on the production system to maintain to sustain longer. The in evitable situation due to the environmental influences like people taste, interest there is always new born of other production system. The same concept is shown in the Figure A1-1 Product A and Product B. product B emerged in the market when the Product enjoying the maturity stage of its life cycle. BirthGrowthMaturityDeathProduct AProduct BVolumeTime Figure A1-1 Product Life Cycle Concept The life span of each stage of a product may vary from a few months to years. For an example, within no time some products reach growth stage as soon as they were introduced in the market. Now we will discuss about each stage of the product life cycle. 2.1 Development The development stage can be a protracted stage and will involve activities such as design, planning, costing, test marketing, etc. The costs are high, with no earned revenue (and thus it does not register as a stage on the diagram at Figure A1-1). Promotion for awareness may commence in advance of introduction of the product to the marketplace. 2.2 Birth (or Introduction stage) This is the stage where a product will be introduced after initial decisions like selection, technology selection, location and layout design of production facility after study of various aspects of business unit in transpiration and raw material, manpower resources availability etc. This is the stage we call it as Birth stage of the product. 2.3 Growth stage After introducing the product the next stage for any product is looking for growth. The growth is stage is very critical in the operation management. The key of success is lying in this stage. How we take this product to people or how people will have the feel of necessity of the product depends on the efficient marketing strategies of the management. Sometimes the time taking to reach to growth stage will be faster because of the uniqueness of its usage when compared with its competitor's products. Major efforts are required at this stage to push with all possible strategies in an ethical manner. 2.4 Maturity stage Once the product is established, the product life cycle enters into the maturity stage. At this stage organization takes feedback from various groups of users and improve the product usability with add on features and introduce different models without changing the basic applications. This is the stage where businesses will be exposed more to the external competitive market which initiates the new comers with similar products where they will take off the market or share the market which causes the original product business organization will go for further improvements or for a new product line. Sustainability of this stage depends on the factors like the management's views, how fast they recognize their product obsolesced and how fast new comers takes over the market. 2.5 Death stage. As discussed above in maturity stage, in case business management could not predict the impact of the new product growth and lack of taking necessary changes in the product design, the product life cycle enters into the decline or death stage, which leads to the organization merging with new companies or liquidation or sale. 3. Life-cycle costingThe cost of the product throughout the product life cycle is referred to as the Life cycle costing. The new concept of this Life cycle costing is long-term cost. The short-term cost always lead us to inefficient decisions which put us in a wrong track of product selection, design and production. The initial cost may be higher at growth stage, but if we know that the product sustains longer in the market in future, we should go ahead with considerable investments keeping the future market in mind. The decision policy throughout the life cycle should be maintained in the operational management of such business opportunity. 4. Conclusion As we discussed in the above section, any business organization will have their product life cycles. The operation management of the organization should always keep watching the new trends of people's taste or requirements, the available latest technology and competitor's new proposals so that necessary actions can be taken in advance to decrease the growth stage and increase the span of the maturity stage. The type of operational decisions and selection procedures all depends on the product of any organization plans to develop or introduce into the market.
What is the meaning of the cycle of life?
the meaning of the life cycle is The normal stages that a product passes through: research and development, growth, expansion, maturity, saturation, and decline. if you need any more definitions just go to www.google.com
Do you have any pictures of sea lions life cycle?
do u
What is the life cycle of wolves?
The same as that for any carnivorous mammal.
What is a sea turtle's life cycle?
There isn't much of a life cycle of any kind of turtle. A turtles life cycle is nothing like that of a butterfly, meaning that there are not very many stages in life. A turtles lifestyle would basically be Egg, then turtle, then death.
