October 31, 2009 -- waxing gibbous.
Any person on earth can see the phase of the moon by looking for the moon in the night sky. The only reason you would not be able to determine the phase of the moon by observational means would be if the night sky was obscured by clouds.
If you are standing on the full moon you would be facing the earth at night.
You can see the moon during the day, depending on what phase it's in.
The moon phase when you can see the entire moon illuminated in the night sky is called a full moon. It occurs when the Earth is positioned between the sun and the moon, causing the entire face of the moon to be lit by sunlight.
You can see the moon in the day if it's in a specific phase and position in relation to the sun. During a full moon, it's visible both day and night. When the moon is a crescent or in a different phase, it may not be visible at night due to its position relative to the Earth and the sun.
After a waning moon one gets a new moon.
If you see the Moon high in the sky in the evening, it is waxing. If you see the Moon high in the sky in the wee hours before dawn, it is waning.
A moon phase clock
No, people on the other side of the world would see the moon phase in the opposite orientation due to the Earth's rotation. For example, if it's a full moon in one location, it would be a new moon in the opposite location.
full moon
If the moon suddenly disappeared during a full moon phase, you would notice a significant decrease in brightness during the night. The absence of the moon's reflection of sunlight would make the night sky much darker. Tides would also be affected as the gravitational pull of the moon plays a key role in their formation.
That person in London would see a new moon.