October 31, 2009 -- waxing gibbous.
Any person on earth can see the phase of the moon by looking for the moon in the night sky. The only reason you would not be able to determine the phase of the moon by observational means would be if the night sky was obscured by clouds.
If you are standing on the full moon you would be facing the earth at night.
full moon
You can see the moon during the day, depending on what phase it's in.
After a waning moon one gets a new moon.
If you see the Moon high in the sky in the evening, it is waxing. If you see the Moon high in the sky in the wee hours before dawn, it is waning.
A moon phase clock
full moon
You would have to wait until after the moon is full. Then, the moon is in its waning phase and you can see it!
We see the full moon {the phase}.
In the new Moon phase.
In that case, you would also see a half moon if you could see the moon at all. The moon is in the same phase for everywhere on Earth, so if you can see it at all, you're seeing it in the same phase that anyone else on Earth is seeing.