Both would be referred to as Celtic cultures, and very occasionally Gaelic cultures.
It refers to the Celtic cultures of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man, but not the Celtic cultures of Wales, Brittany and Cornwall.
Probably the diverse cultures of Scotland, Wales, Ireland and England.
Children are referred to as Bairns - not sure about babies. In Ireland children are sometimes referred to as Chisellers - esp. in Dublin.
Hibernia was the common name used for Ireland by the Romans. It was sometimes referred to as Scotia, a name that was also used for Scotland.
England Scotland wales northern Ireland and republic of Ireland
The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland can be called Ireland or its official name Éire and it is an independent country. Ireland can also refer to the island that contains Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Southern Ireland.
There isn't one. The UK includes, England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and islands. The mainland, which is England, Scotland and Wales is referred to as Britain. For the record, Scotland and Wales are not in England. They are all different areas that happen to be joined up.
England, Scotland, and Ireland
Gaelic (referred to as Irish in Ireland), is spoken by a small minority in Northern Ireland. Gaelic (pronounced Gah-lick in Scotland) is spoken by some people, mostly in the Highlands and Western Islands of Scotland, and Welsh is spoken in Wales, mostly in the North and rural areas.
You are referring to the continent of Europe. It must be pointed out that none of England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland are islands. England, Scotland and Wales together form the island of Britain. Northern Ireland forms part of the island of Ireland. The islands of Britain and Ireland and some other islands are often referred to as the British Isles.
Presumably Ireland or Scotland.
The North Channel separates Scotland and Northern Ireland.