Most common? Probably the oxygen sensor.
But that's like asking your doctor, "what's the most common cause of a bellyache?" Usually it's gas but if it isn't, then what.
Don't guess. Find out what failed the test, look at the sheet that they gave you, it usually has a reason for the failure.
You don't give any clues, so I don't know the year of the vehicle, but if it's EFI you can connect an automotive code scanner to find out what the computer has to say on the subject. That's actually your best first step.
You can borrow, rent or buy a code scanner at most auto parts retailers.
That will cause you to fail an emissions inspection. Anything which triggers the CEL will, because everything which triggers it will adversely impact the emissions system on that vehicle.
only in California
Punch a hole in the muffler. (May cause you to fail a safety/emissions inspection) Ha ha.
Bad Engine Coolant Temperature SEnsor.
A failed switch is a common cause.
failed backlight is most common.
Yes they are. Carbon emissions cause global warming and then they cause ozone depletion.
The most common leaks are cracked vapor hoses and a loose gas cap.
The common cause is a failed blower resistor.
Nox is The abbreviation of Oxide(s) of Nitrogen. These are only produced at high burn temperature's. In a modern engine excess Nox emissions can be caused by a lean fuel mixture caused by a failed O2 sensor(s) Or A failed or pluged EGR valve
Yes. Any faulty emissions control sensor, including knock sensors, will result in an automatic fail of any emissions control test, period. It doesn't even matter if your vehicle's actual exhaust emissions are within acceptable limits. In most cases, once it is determined that a sensor is bad, the test is ended immediately, and considered failed.
Problems with the oxygen sensors are quite likely to cause emissions test problems. The car computer cannot properly adjust the air/fuel mixture to regulate the emissions.