Moving away from us
The light from distant galaxies is redshifted. The only reasonable explanation for that is that the galaxies are moving away from us.
That the galaxy is moving away from us.
The redshift of distant galaxies is believed to be a result of the Doppler effect - in other words, the light is shifted towards lower frequencies ("redshifted") due to the fact that the galaxies move away from us.
They study distant galaxies because they want to know whats out in other galaxies and how many planets it has
The expansion of the Universe results in the light from faraway galaxies being redshifted. This is called the "cosmological redshift"; it can be compared with the Doppler effect (which also causes a redshift), but the details are somewhat difference.It is an observed fact that most galaxies are redshifted; the explanation that seems most reasonable is that it is caused by the cosmological redshift. This means that space itself is expanding.
That is impossible to answer because scientist don't know ALL the galaxies.
The "redshift" refers to the fact that the light is less energetic than when it was emitted; it shows that the galaxies move away from us. Should a galaxy move towards us - which is possible only for galaxies that are relatively close to us - then there would be a blueshift.
visible light
The bending of light due to great masses is called Gravitational MicroLensing.
Yes. Lensing magnifies the image of galaxies behind distant galaxy clusters but also greatly distorts the image.
It doesn't. Light comes to us from the Sun, and from distant stars and galaxies, through what is basically empty space.
aviod the absorption of the light or other radiations in the atmosphere of earth