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Answering this question first requires that we define "natural cement". The current definition (ASTM C219) is hydraulic cement produced by calcining argillaceous limestone at temperatures below the sintering point and grinding to a fine powder.

Under this definition, the first natural cement would have been Parker's Roman Cement, patented in Great Britain in 1796. The first natural cement production in North America is generally attributed to Canvass White in 1819, in Fayetteville, NY. This cement was used in the construction of the Erie Canal, and the subsequent development of other natural cement production sites often coincided with the building of canal systems, including major sites along the Ohio and Potomac Rivers, the Great Lakes and others.

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