The Equator
The great circle at 0 degrees latitude is known as the Equator. It is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
Well, there is only one equator on Earth and its called the "Equator".
The latitude lines north of the Arctic Circle are known as parallel lines, specifically marking the regions of the Arctic. The Arctic Circle itself is located at approximately 66.5 degrees North latitude. Beyond this circle, the areas experience extreme variations in daylight, including polar day and polar night. The regions north of the Arctic Circle are characterized by tundra and ice-covered landscapes.
The term that indicates imaginary parallel lines that circle the Earth is "latitude." Latitude lines, also known as parallels, run horizontally around the globe and are measured in degrees north or south of the Equator, which is at 0 degrees latitude. These lines help in identifying locations and navigating the Earth's surface.
The half circle of 180 degrees of arc connecting the Earth's poles is known as a great circle. This is the largest circle that can be drawn on a sphere and it divides the sphere into two equal hemispheres.
The Arctic Circle is at 66 degrees 32 minutes N latitude. Everything north of the Arctic circle is considered to be the Arctic.
At 66 degrees north latitude, you are entering the Arctic Circle. This is the farthest point north where the sun can remain continuously above the horizon for 24 hours during the summer solstice and below the horizon for 24 hours during the winter solstice. This region is known for its extreme cold temperatures, polar day and night phenomena, and unique wildlife.
The Antarctic Circle, which is located at approximately 66.5 degrees south latitude, marks the southernmost point where the sun does not rise on the winter solstice. This line signifies the beginning of the Antarctic region's cold climate and is known for its extreme winter conditions.
The intersection of 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees longitude is known as the Prime Meridian and the Equator.
Nothing (on Earth) is east of the equator. It's east of the prime meridian ... and it's called 66.5 degrees east longitude.
Lines of latitude, also known as parallels, are numbered in degrees north and south of the equator. The equator itself is 0 degrees latitude, while the North Pole is 90 degrees north latitude and the South Pole is 90 degrees south latitude.
The starting point for measuring latitude is the equator... zero degrees. There are two terminal points of latitude: 90 degrees north (the true north pole, not the magnetic north pole), and; 90 degrees south (the true south pole, not the magnetic south pole). When measuring latitude the reference point is always the equator, and the numbers are given as (for example) North 40 degrees, 16 minutes, 13 seconds... or in the real world of sailboats & ships: "North 40 decimal 16 decimal 13".