It's called the specific gravity of a material, and it is the weight of a specific volume of material, compared to an equal volume of water, expressed as a number. Galena, for instance, has a specific gravity of 7.4, indicating that it is 7.4 times heavier than water.
The distance between and the mass of the two bodies are the main determining factors. Their masses and how far apart they are
A geologist studies rocks and what the earth is made of. A petrologist is someone who looks at rocks directly.
Under normal conditions, achievable on Earth, osmium has the greatest density. However, much greater densities are possible under extreme conditions, for example in white dwarves, neutron stars, and black holes.
Everything in the earth is solid. But earth is not spherical. The earth has large holes that makes up the oceans.
Heavy radioactive elements sunk to the center of the earth when it was molten because they were the most dense. Things like Uranium are responsible for the ongoing heat of the earth's core.
Density is responsible for determining how Earth materials separate out into interior layers.
Density = mass / volume
As the depth increases, the density increases also.
The density of the Earth as a whole has been calculated by observing the orbits of the moon and artificial satellites, trajectories of near earth asteroids, etc. We can measure the density of materials from which the surface is composed. The two are not the same. That tells us that the density of the interior is different from the density of surface materials. Since the overall density is greater than the density of the surface materials, the interior must be denser still in order to bring the overall density to what has been observed and calculated.
The Earth has layers because it is made up of materials of varying density.
The entire Earth melted, and formed layers based on the density of materials as those materials settled.
When Earth was molten, heavier materials sank to the center as lighter materials rose to the surface
As the depth increases, the density increases also.
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When Earth was molten, heavier materials sank to the center as lighter materials rose to the surface.
When Earth was molten, heavier materials sank to the center as lighter materials rose to the surface
The net density of the earth is much higher than the density of the materials that make up the crust and other portions of the planet that we can reach. There for the parts we cannot yet reach must have a much greater density, or the net density would not be as great as it is.