The density of the Earth as a whole has been calculated by observing the orbits of the moon and artificial satellites, trajectories of near earth asteroids, etc. We can measure the density of materials from which the surface is composed. The two are not the same.
That tells us that the density of the interior is different from the density of surface materials. Since the overall density is greater than the density of the surface materials, the interior must be denser still in order to bring the overall density to what has been observed and calculated.
No, convection in the Sun involves hot gas rising towards the surface due to its lower density, then cooling and sinking back into the interior. This process is driven by the heat produced in the Sun's core through nuclear fusion.
Earth's surface is free to radiate heat into space. The interior is not. The interior does transfer heat the the surface, but rather slowly. It is hot due to residual heat from Earth's formation and from the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements.
Sunspots, prominences and flares are all manifestations of magnetic fields, and these are indicators of processes going on deeper within the Sun. Also, just as earthquakes can help geologists study the Earth's interior, so can "sun-quakes" provide info about the Sun's interior.
The interior of an average star is modeled after the theoretical pressure, temperature, and density conditions that would be necessary to produce the observed energy and light from the surface. The interior can be described as (1) the core, (2) a radiation zone, and (3) the convection zone. The core is a dense and very hot region where the density fo the core is about 12 times that of solid lead. The radiation zone is less dense and energy in the form of gamma and x rays from the core is absorbed and reemitted by collisions with atoms in this zone. The convection zone begins about seven-tenths of the way to the surface, where the density of the gases is about 1% of the density of water. Gases at the bottom of this zone are heated by radiation from the radiation zone below, expand from heating, and rise to the surface by convection.
yes
Their evidence comes from rocks at earths surface.
Geologists gather evidence about Earth's interior primarily through seismic waves, which are generated by earthquakes and recorded by seismographs around the world. By analyzing the behavior of these waves as they travel through the Earth, geologists can infer details about the composition, density, and structure of the different layers beneath the surface. Additionally, studying volcanic eruptions, magnetic field data, and rock samples from deep drilling projects also provide further insights into Earth's interior.
Europa...
Geologists gather direct evidence about Earth's interior from seismic waves, which are generated by earthquakes and can provide information about the composition and structure of the different layers beneath the surface. They also study rocks brought up from deep within the Earth's crust through volcanic eruptions or mountain building processes to understand the materials present in the interior. By analyzing these direct sources of information, geologists can create models and theories about the Earth's interior composition and processes.
Limestone deposits that began as coral reefs provide how plate motions have changed Earth's surface. These deposits also provide evidence of past environments.
Granulation on the surface of the Sun is caused by convection currents carrying hot plasma from the interior to the surface. These rising currents of hot plasma create bright cells of gas at the surface, which appear as granules. The motion of these granules is evidence of the convective nature of the Sun's outer layers.
Surface density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object or substance by its surface area. The formula is surface density (σ) = mass (m) / surface area (A). The standard unit for surface density is kilograms per square meter (kg/m^2).
Yes, indirect evidence of Earth's interior can come from studying rock samples through techniques like petrology and mineralogy. These studies provide insights into the composition and properties of the deeper layers of the Earth based on the rocks that have been brought to the surface through geological processes.
It will sink if its density is higher than the water's density, typically 1.0 gm/cm³. Exceptions are very small objects that cannot break the surface tension of water and objects that are shapes such that water is excluded from their interior (ships).
Medium density fibreboard (MDF) is made from wood fibres bonded together using resin and high pressure. It is known for its consistent density and smooth surface, making it popular for furniture, cabinets, and interior construction applications.
The density of Earth materials generally increases with depth below the surface due to the increasing pressure from the overlying layers. As depth increases, the materials experience more compression, leading to higher densities. The variation in density with depth is important for understanding the structure and composition of the Earth's interior.
No. Fossils tell us about what was living at or near the earths surface in the past, they do not tell us about the Earth's interior. When studying the Earth's interior, geologists look at micro gravity variations (which tell us about density differences in deep rocks), magnetic variations (which tell us a bit about the deep rocks composition) and most importantly seismic records (which tell us about the physical properties of the deep rocks). We also look for deep rocks that have been brought to the surface during the collision of continents (the roots of mountains) and volcanic events (such as diamond pipes).