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The density of the Earth as a whole has been calculated by observing the orbits of the moon and artificial satellites, trajectories of near earth asteroids, etc. We can measure the density of materials from which the surface is composed. The two are not the same.

That tells us that the density of the interior is different from the density of surface materials. Since the overall density is greater than the density of the surface materials, the interior must be denser still in order to bring the overall density to what has been observed and calculated.

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Q: How does the density of the earth provide evidence that the interior of the earth is denser that the surface?
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