nucleophiles
Those are electrons.
Yes - all atoms are made of smaller particles. Those particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Hydroxide is a Lewis base because it is a species that can donate a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with another species that accepts those electrons, such as a proton in an acid-base reaction. The hydroxide ion (OH-) has a lone pair of electrons that it can donate to form such a bond.
The most penetrating power is for beta particles compared to those given here.
Metals donate electrons by losing electrons and forming positive ions.
Those are electrons, and they have a charge of minus 1.
Donor atom should donate the electrons to get into a stable state... and sometimes to form an ionic compound..
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Alpha Particles, any of those.... just guessing (:
mostly all carbon compounds have covalent bonding since carbon can't donate it's valence shell electrons it can share those electrons
Electrons are the negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a much smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons, and their movement creates the electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus.
these particles are called quarks
Electrons are considered fundamental particles because they are not known to be made up of smaller constituents; they belong to the family of leptons, which are elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics. Experimental evidence, such as scattering experiments (like those conducted in particle accelerators), shows that electrons behave as point-like particles with no substructure. Additionally, the behavior of electrons in atomic orbitals and their interactions with other particles align with theoretical predictions, reinforcing their classification as fundamental particles.