The time frame does change the fossil world wide. The fossil in today's present would be different then it would be years ago.
Heredity is the idea of Darwin's based on fossil and the modern organisms he found basically saying that genetic changes are inherited by later generations.
Yes, coal is a carbon based fossil fuel.
The Geologic Time Scale is broken up into several periods of time, during which there were great changes in the biodiversity on Earth. We can see distinct changes in the flora (plants) and fauna (animals of each time period. The age range of each period is determined by radiometric dating.
Fossil records!
The ideas of descent with modification are based on fossils and the modern organisms he found basically says that genetic changes are inherited by later generations.
If you choose the Helix Fossil it can be revived into an omanyte. The Dome Fossil can be revived into a kabuto. I suggest you pick based on what pokemon you like better.
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon into the atmosphere in the form of CO2. Yes.
induction
Heredity is the idea of Darwin's based on fossil and the modern organisms he found basically saying that genetic changes are inherited by later generations.
My butt
An index fossil. An index fossil's age is known, allowing scientists to know the relative age of other fossils based on their position relative to the index fossil. (Ex. If a fossil is deeper in the earth, it is older than the index fossil)
Wind, solar, water (as in hydroelectric dams), and Biofuel (corn-based ethanol) are major alternatives to fossil fuels.