holstein
France, Prussia, Spain
Italy was allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary when World War I started. Italy said that since Austria-Hungary started the war by declaring war on Serbia, and the alliance was a defensive pact (ie if one country is attacked, the others would help), they were under no obligation to join the war. At that point in history, Italians had a long-standing dislike of Austria. Austria had once ruled most of northern Italy, and resisted efforts for Italy to unify (until the mid-1800's, Italy was broken up into many smaller countries); when World War I started, Austria still ruled some Italian cities ("Italia Irridentia", or "unredeemed Italy"). They even fought a war against each other in the 1860's while Austria was fighting Prussia. So it's not surprising that Italy didn't have much desire to help Austria fight her war against Serbia.
Napoleon III of France completed the unification of Italy by ceding Venice (Venitia) to the Italian republic, which had been formed mainly through the efforts of general Giuseppe Garibaldi. The French ruler had obtained Venetia from Austria after the Austro-Prussia war (1866). He agreed to remove French troops from the Papal States, and eventually had to recall the French garrison from Rome, leading to its capture as well.
Gain? Austria lost its empire, Hungary lost 3/4 of its land. The latter one is widely considered to be the biggest loser of the war. The only gain these two had from the war is the end of the Habsburg monarchy, and their independence from a greater empire.
France, Austria, and Italy were allied in efforts to expand German territories. A second motive was to seclude France and increase the number of enemies against the French.
The Austrian Kaiser Karl tried to start up separate peace negotiations with the Allies, but the Allies were only interested in the surrender of all the Axis parties, including Germany. The Germans on their part were not amused by Karl's peace efforts. In the end Austria had to remain at war until the armistice of November, 1918; just as the Germans.
Slesvig and Holsten (in German Schleswig-Holstein). From a Danish point of view Holsten was never Danish, but just in a personal union with Denmark via the King, whereas Slesvig had been Danish for a thousand years (although as a duchy from early medieval times). This difference in perception was the root cause of the conflict, since Danish nationalist wanted to integrate Slesvig politically into Denmark and get rid of Holsten, whereas the nationalists on the opposing side wanted Holsten to be unified with the increasingly Germanised Slesvig, where the city population now were mainly German, while the country side remained mainly Danish. The Holsteners were supported by the other German states (with mixed liberal and conservative agendas) and Denmark was politically supported by the very conservative Russian czar, but while the latter could save Denmark in the previsous war of 1848-1850 they could not do that in 1864, where Denmark had broken the agreements from last war.
Efforts is typically a noun
Further Efforts was created in 1999.
je fais de gros efforts, je fais des efforts
No. Would regular efforts be required
Its efforts were not directed at the Jews but the negroes.