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Large land masses
This sounds like a trick question. Momentum has a sign (positive or negative), and if you have two masses that are going in opposite directions their total momentum is zero. But the sum of their kinetic energies is positive.
Yes, gravity exists between two objects that have mass.
In both directions along the line between the centers of the two masses that are being drawn together by gravity.
equal and opposite depending on the masses
shearing
shearing
They move in opposite directions when in a magnetic field because they have opposite charges. The force on a particle depends on its charge -- make the charge completely opposite, and the force on it will be completely opposite. Momentum is conserved when they move in opposite direction (that is, in their center of mass frame) because their respective masses are identical. One electron mass moving in one direction plus one electron mass moving in the opposite direction means a total momentum of zero. The system begins with zero momentum and ends that way.
flow in all directions
They are enormous masses of ice that flow in all directions.
Large land masses
This sounds like a trick question. Momentum has a sign (positive or negative), and if you have two masses that are going in opposite directions their total momentum is zero. But the sum of their kinetic energies is positive.
The existence of two masses. Wherever they are in the universe, there is a force in both directions between them trying to pull them together. The strength of the force depends on the masses of both masses and on the distance between them.
A front that forms when several air masses remain over an area for several days is a stationary front. Winds along a stationary front are usually parallel to the front, blowing in opposite directions on either side, which is one reason why the front does not move.
A stationary front is stalled between two air masses. The markings used on a weather map are alternating red half circles and blue spikes pointing in opposite directions. This indicates no movement.
Their masses are equal. It's their charges that are opposite.
Yes, gravity exists between two objects that have mass.