Speech impediments, also referred to as speech disorders occur when normal speech is disrupted. It can be developmental in that most children will generally go through a stage of disfluency i.e stammering, fronting (cat is pronounced as tat) or lisping and gliding r (red pronounced as wed). Certain sounds develop at different stages of childhood and that is why these developmental errors occur. However, if these persist beyond the appropriate age, you should seek a speech and language therapist who will diagnose and treat the speech disorder.
NEUROLOGICAL
Stuttering: Involuntary repetition of words and sounds when speaking.
Cluttering: Similar to stuttering, it's characterized by rapid speech, poor grammer, and lack of fluency when speaking.
Dysprosody: The rarest neurological speech impediment. It is also known sometimes as pseudo-foreign dialect syndrome, as some people with the disorder take on accents. It is characterized by variations in melody, tone, timing, pauses, stresses, intensity, etc. when speaking.
Speech Sound Disorders: Involves difficulty in producing specific sounds (most often the letters /s/ and /r/).
Voice Disorders: Physical impairments, such as damage to the larynx or esophagus that make speaking difficult.
Dysarthria: A speech disorder that results from neurological damage from anything from a stroke to ALS. The sufferer may loose control of the tongue, lips, throat, etc., which causes some words to sound warped. Swallowing problems are also commonly present.
Apraxia of Speech: Sometimes simply called Apraxia, it can be developmental or caused by neurological injury. It is sometimes mistaken by doctors for dyslexia, because the sufferer commonly rearranges the letters in words.
Scientists of speech pathology study various aspects of speech and language disorders. This includes the causes, development, diagnosis, and treatment of speech and language issues, such as stuttering, articulation disorders, language delays, and voice disorders. They may also research the effectiveness of different therapy techniques and interventions for individuals with communication difficulties.
Jon Eisenson has written: 'The psychology of speech' 'Examining for aphasia' 'Language and speech disorders in children' -- subject(s): In infancy & childhood, Language disorders, Language disorders in children, Speech disorders, Speech disorders in children 'Adult aphasia' -- subject(s): Aphasia 'Basic speech'
Kathryn M. Yorkston has written: 'Clinical management of dysarthric speakers' -- subject- s -: Articulation disorders, Diagnosis, Speech disorders, Speech therapy, Treatment 'Management of speech and swallowing disorders in degenerative diseases' -- subject- s -: Neurodegenerative Diseases, Deglutition Disorders, Complications, Speech Disorders, Therapy 'Assessment of intelligibility of dysarthric speech' -- subject- s -: Speech disorders
The three main types of learning disorders are reading disorders, mathematics disorders, and disorders of written expression
Suzanne Deplanck de Parrel has written: 'Les troubles de la phonation' -- subject(s): Speech disorders, Speech therapy 'Speech disorders' -- subject(s): Speech disorders, Speech therapy
Speech therapists typically assess communication skills, including speech, language, and social communication. While they may observe and note possible signs of learning disorders during evaluations, they do not provide comprehensive testing for learning disorders. Referral to a psychologist or educational specialist is typically needed for a formal assessment and diagnosis of learning disorders.
Barbara Weitzner-Lin has written: 'Communication assessment and intervention with infants and toddlers' -- subject(s): Communication Disorders, Communicative disorders in children, Communicative disorders in infants, Infant, Language disorders, Preschool Child, Speech disorders, Speech disorders in children, Speech therapy for children, Therapy, Treatment
Barbara J. Hall has written: 'Speech, language, and hearing disorders' -- subject(s): Hearing disorders in children, Language disorders in children, Speech disorders in children
Jerome G. Alpiner has written: 'Speech and hearing disorders in children' -- subject(s): Communicative disorders in children, Speech disorders
It is a disorder affecting the motor abilities of speech. These would include articulation, some types of aphasia, and apraxia.
Henry Head has written: 'Aphasia and kindred disorders of speech' -- subject(s): Aphasia, Speech disorders
Donald B Freed has written: 'Motor speech disorders' -- subject(s): Speech disorders