Diodes.
the material in which using for doping is already neutral.,,so the pn-junction diode also neutral........
A pn junction can be formed by bringing the p and n type materials together.
The junction formed by the combination of a P- type & N-Type material in known as PN jn diode. It is used as a switch as well as a rectifier.
A PN junction is a semiconductor interface formed by joining p-type (positively doped) and n-type (negatively doped) materials. This junction creates an electric field that allows current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction, functioning as a diode. The p-side is rich in holes (positive charge carriers), while the n-side contains electrons (negative charge carriers). Here's a simple diagram representation of a PN junction: P-type | N-type +----+ | +----+ | | | | | | | | | | +----+ | +----+ In the diagram, the '+' symbols represent holes in the p-type material, and the '-' symbols represent electrons in the n-type material.
PN is a short term for "pressure rating of a pipe" PN depends on wall thickness, diameter and material type. A PN 16 pipe is one that can withstand 16 bar (1.6 megapascals or about 232 psi) at 20 degrees c. If you want it interms of height of equivalent water column, 1 bar =10.2 m of height water column at 20 deg C, this a PN 16 pipe can withstand 16*10.2=163.2 m of water head (static+dynamic).
Given an infinitely convergent sequence pn with limit p, the forward difference is the measure of the difference between the current term and he next. The backward difference is the measure of the difference between the current term and the previous.i.e.forward difference: Δpn=pn+1 - pnbackward difference: ∇pn=pn - pn-1Also, note that since they are both expressed by pn, the forward difference is recognised by the use of a delta before the pn, and the backward difference by the use of a nabla.
There are 2 type of biasing in PN junction didoe Forward biasing Reverse biasing
A PN junction allows current to flow when it is forward-biased, meaning the positive terminal of a voltage source is connected to the p-type material and the negative terminal to the n-type material. This reduces the barrier potential at the junction, allowing charge carriers (holes and electrons) to recombine and flow across the junction. In contrast, when the junction is reverse-biased, the barrier potential increases, preventing current flow.
* (1) Passport Diplomatic (PD)* (2) Passport Service (PS)* (3) Passport Normal (PN)
there are many uses. one major use i remember is in rectification i.e convert ac to dc For switch operation
we cannot make thyristor using two diodes. because the PN junction cannot be made when we connect with wires or solder it. that junction is only formed when we diffuse n material into a P material and vice versa.
Silicon is a type of substance you can use as a insulating material for a hot mitt.