The magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake on March 11, 2011, which occurred near the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, resulted from thrust faulting on or near the subduction zone plate boundary between the Pacific and North America plates.
Fault lines are caused by differential or shear movement, when fault lines slip rapidly energy is released causing an earthquake.
Not much is the short answer. The Japanese earthquake was associated with their subduction zone, whereas the Canterbury one was the re-activation of an old but previously unknown shear fault on the Canterbury Plains - in other words on the upper crust well away from the shear zone of the Alpine Fault. In Lyttleton, there was a small tsunami, but essentially benign.
No. They can form anywhere on Earth's surface / within the lithosphere that is affected by shear stress. For example the fault that caused the 2010 Haitian earthquake was a strike slip fault.
the japans tsunami
A strike-slip fault
No an earthquake is caused because in that certain area where the earthquake was , there was a fault line.
A locked fault is a fault that is not slipping because frictional resistance on the fault is greater than the shear stress across the fault (it is stuck). Such faults may store strain for extended periods that is eventually released in an earthquake when frictional resistance is overcome.
Yes, china received a 5.8 magnitude earthquake as a result of the Japans earthquake on March 11, 2011.
shear
The largest earthquake fault is San Andreas fault.
Horizontal shear
Shear forces at a fault can result in the rocks on either side of the fault sliding past each other, causing earthquakes. The movement is typically parallel to the fault plane and can be caused by tectonic forces or volcanic activity. Shear forces are a key driver of plate tectonics and the shaping of the Earth's crust.