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AnswerLuke's Gospel says that Joseph and Mary travelled from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census that was conducted when Quirinius was governor of Syria. Having given that as a reason for Mary being in Bethlehem for the birth of Jesus, the Gospel never again mentions the census, so we can not say which day it was in relation the the birth of Jesus.

It would, of course, have been possible as long as there really was a Roman census during the reign of King Herod. However, we know that Quirinius was governor of Syria on only one occasion, from the year 6 CE, which means at least ten years after the death of King Herod. The first-century Jewish historian, Josephus, also tells us that the first Roman census in the region was conducted by Quirinius at this time. This is far to late for the birth of Jesus so, historically, Jesus was not born on the day of the census, nor did Joseph and Mary even travel to Bethlehem for a census. Raymond E. Brown (An Introduction to the New Testament) says the best explanation is that, although Luke likes to set his Christian drama in the context of well-known events from antiquity, sometimes he does so inaccurately.

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