No American carriers were lost to "heavy seas" during wwii (or ever).
However several were damaged during Typhoon's. These include:
Damaged by Typhoon Cobra (18 Dec 1944)
Yes, the crew helped to drink beer in Portsmouth during the celebrations that followed.
The aircraft carrier USS Bismarck Sea was the last US aircraft carrier sunk in WWII (during the battle for Iwo Jima).
We know that President Nixon's Vice President Ford served in the USS Monterey, a CVE (escort aircraft carrier) in the pacific during WWII.
No carrier was sunk during the attack at Peal Harbor. The three Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers were USS Enterprise, USS Lexington, and USS Saratoga. None of them were present during the event on December 7, 1941. Each had their own reason for their absence.
During the Battle of Midway, the Americans lost one aircraft carrier, the USS Yorktown, one destroyer, the USS Hammann, and around 150 aircraft. The loss of the Yorktown was significant, but the destruction of four Japanese aircraft carriers marked a turning point in the war in the Pacific.
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1. Histories first clash of carriers was the battle of the Coral Sea 2. Histories most decisive carrier clash was the battle of Midway 3. Last battle involving carrier fleets was battle of Leyte Gulf 4. Last USN aircraft carrier sunk in WWII was USS Bismarck Sea 5. Last naval battle involving an aircraft carrier was during the Falklands Island war in 1982
The Battle of Midway changed the course of the war in the Pacific because the United States started attacking the Imperial Japanese Navy offensively rather than defensively. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Americans understood the superiority of aircraft carriers. By the end of the Battle of Midway, the Americans mastered the art of the aircraft carrier. In total, 4 Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk during this battle, Soryuu, Hiryuu, Akagi, and Kaga. The aircraft carrier sailed through the Pacific Campaign with glorious victories. It was what made large battleships obsolete, and its superiority is why the Untied States operates 11 aircraft carriers today, with a 12th one being built, more carriers than the entire world combined.
The USS Hornet was sunk during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands.
The maximum rate of take offs and landings (tempo) on an aircraft carrier is 2 takeoffs and one landing every 37 seconds during the daylight and one takeoff and landing every minute during nighttime.
USS Independence was a Light Carrier, one of nine built during WWII. She was sunk as a target off California.
Part of the Japanese plan was to damage or sink America's Pacific aircraft carrier fleet, but all those ships were away from the harbor during the attack. Had the carriers been destroyed, the U.S. would have been next to powerless in the Pacific. Another reason, the US cut oil imports to Japan to save up for the European war effort.