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1075-Lay investiture banned; 1077-Henry IV's journey to Canossa; 1122-The Concordat at Worms compromise on lay investiture; 1176-Battle of Legnano. All were power struggles because the duties and privileges of Church and state were changing during this time.
The lay investure or the practice whereby political rulers appointed many high church officials, such as bishops.
The Treaty called the Concordat of Worms (1122) gave the church sole power to appoint bishops and abbots in the Holy Roman Empire. It resolved the Investiture Controversy, a power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over the appointment of church officials.
During the period of 1343-1400, various rulers were in power around the world. Some notable rulers during this time include King Edward III and Richard II of England, Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan, and Tamerlane in Central Asia. It was a period marked by significant political events and power struggles in different regions.
European rulers between 800 and 1500 turned to knights to fight their battles for them. Modern armies emerged after 1500.
Lewis and Clark
Five Kings.
It was quite common in the Biblical period for rulers to have numerous wives. Most of these marriages were made as memorializations of treaties between rulers.
Aurangzeb & Dara Shikoh
How about: 5.25, 5.50 and 5.75
How about: 4.25, 4.50 and 4.75
which rulers lead the kingdoms