$3 trillion in US. $2 trillion in Euros.
100 billion euros
West Germany in 1974.
It was in East Germany, land east of Elba river given to the Russians. Russia thought they could force the Americans, British and French out of West Berlin by imposing a blockade of land vehicles to West Berlin. The USA had a air lift of civilian cargo planes flying from West Germany to West Berlin, around the clock flying needed supplies, and the blockade was defeated. Also, West Berlin showed to East Germans how good life in the West was, so many East Germans fled to West Berlin, until the Russians put a wall around West Berlin in 1961. A wall which did not come down until 1989.
It was actually a misunderstanding! Rebellions in East Germany had been going on for a long time, so an East German politician was prepared to lift the restrictions, meaning that everyone could ask for permission to leave the country (and then be allowed...) So then people asked when that law was going to be enforced and the politician murmured to himself (while checking the paper) that there's no date so basically immediately. And then thousands of East Berliners went to the wall, and the armed watchmen just didn't have a chance against all these people.
When the Russians took over their sector in Germany and created East Germany they began to cordon off the east from the west. In June 1948 the Russians closed all highways, railroads, and canals from the western occupied Berlin. They wanted to make it impossible for the people in the western sectors to get food or other supplies. The objective was to drive the western nations out of Berlin for good. However, the west decided to fight and began to supply their sectors with supplies from the air and this was the Berlin air lift. It lasted for more than a year and 2.3 million tons of cargo. My uncle who was a WW2 pilot flew the air lift.
The first purpose built ski lift was built in 1908 in Schwarzwald in Germany.
At the end of WWII, the Allies invaded Germany. The Soviets came from the East, and invaded up to the Oder-Neisse Line. The Americans, French, and British came thus far from the West. After the War, this Western part of Germany went to the Americans, French, and British. They divided up their share of Germany into their own sections; however, when West Germany was formed, these regions united. The Soviets controlled East Germany, and imposed strict Communist rule over it, including forced collectivization and one-party rule. According to the Soviet Union, this was the "Free" Germany, but it was merely a puppet state of the Soviet Union as it now controlled most of Eastern Europe as Satellite States. As tensions between the U.S. and the Soviets grew, Berlin was also split, as both sides wanted it as the capital for its share of Germany (even though Berlin lay deep in the heart of East Germany). Eventually, West and East Berlin came into existence. East Berlin, of course, fell into the hands of the Soviets. West Berlin, however, was controlled by the other three Allies, and it became a sort of "safe haven" deep in the heart of Communist East Germany. Eventually, the Americans, French, and British felt that their portion of Germany was ready to become a country again, and they united their regions to form a democratic West Germany in 1949. Angry at this sudden move, the Soviets bitterly retaliated the same year and made their portion of Germany a communist East Germany. Thus the two Germanies were formed, and would not be united again until 1990.
the east
To avoid armed conflict with the West.
Two words.
Because the whole point is for the wings to provide lift. Many designers spent hours watching how bird wings were shaped and how they moved to provide lift or propulsion.
it increased the tension between the USSR and the West as both parties showed through the Berlin Blockade that they were firm on their stand. Stalin would not lift the blockade until Berlin was under the full control of the USSR and the USA would not stop flying supplies into Berlin until the blockade was lifted. It was a non-violent conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.