There are two main ways a protein can travel within the cell:
Depending on where the protein will end up, it will either be made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm (proteins that are to remain soluble in the cell) or ribosomes docked on the endoplasmic reticulum (proteins that will be secreted out of the cell, incorporated into the plasma membrane, proteins that will end up in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi complex).
The G1 phase in the cell cycle stands for "gap 1" phase. During G1, the cell grows in size, synthesizes proteins, and carries out its normal cellular functions. At the end of G1, the cell decides whether to continue the cell cycle, enter a resting phase (G0), or undergo cell death.
When most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are digested completely, they are converted to the end products that are soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes.
When most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are digested completely, they are converted to the end products that are soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes.
When most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are digested completely, they are converted to the end products that are soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes.
When most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are digested completely, they are converted to the end products that are soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes.
The ribosomes ( tiny round objects) are found at the end of the endoplasmic reticulum (membrane network) in the cell. By joining together small proteins called amino acids, proteins are made using chemical instructions sent from the nucleus of the cell.
This is the stage of mitosis where the cell is not dividing, and is doing normal cell functions, such as making proteins, growth, and towards the end of interphase the cell prepares for prophase.
ATPase, Na/K channels, hormone receptors, ABC transporters are a few examples. In addition proteins that participate in electron transport chain (in mitochondria) are also membrane proteins that make ATP at the end by ATPase. Nup358 is a membrane protein in nucleus.
The Golgi Body is the shipping and receiving department of the cell. The Golgi is similar to the end of an assembly line, putting the finishing touches on proteins and shipping them out where they need to go.
Proteins made on free-floating ribosomes are generally used within the cytoplasm of the cell, where they can participate in various cellular processes. These proteins may also be targeted to specific organelles within the cell or secreted outside of the cell to perform their functions.
Microtubules are made of a dimer protein called tubulin. They grow in length by adding tubulin dimers, but they can also be disassembled. This process of assembly and disassembly makes the microtubule seem to move from one location of the cell to another.