what causes a rock to break into many layers. DOES WATER
The force that causes rock layers to crumple and fold is mainly tectonic forces, such as compression. When two tectonic plates collide or move toward each other, the rocks in between experience intense pressure, leading to deformation and folding of the rock layers.
A fold where the youngest rock layers are in the center is called an anticline. In an anticline, the rock layers are folded upwards, creating a convex shape with the oldest layers on the outside and the youngest layers in the center.
Fold
Such a fold is called a syncline.
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A fold
A syncline fold is concave downward, meaning the youngest rock layers are found in the center of the fold and the oldest rock layers are found on the outer edges of the fold.
If rocks are folded, the folding is younger that the youngest rock affected. If they are folded into a syncline (a U-shaped fold) the youngest rocks are in the core of he fold. The opposite is true for an anticline (a big dome-shaped fold).
The youngest rock layers are in the center of a syncline fold. This is because syncline folds form when rock layers are bent downward in the middle and upward on the sides, causing the youngest layers to be in the center.
Rock layers that are arched upward typically form anticlines. Anticlines are characterized by an upward curve or fold in rock layers where the oldest layers are found in the center of the fold and the youngest layers are found on the outer edges.
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Such a fold is called a syncline.