SUSE Enterprise Linux. They also contribute heavily to OpenSUSE.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux - produced by Red Hat SUSE Linux Enterprise Server - produced by Novell Ubuntu (available free of charge, but has paid support available) - produced by Canonical.
Suse was licensed to Novell.
SUSE. Although you have a really funny definition of "recent." The acquisition happened back in 2004.
The penguin symbol is used for the Linux operating system
It is also an open source operating system developed by Novell Inc.
Canonical, mandriva, novell, red hat
Yes. BackTrack is a Linux distribution that focuses on penetration testing and computer forensics.
No, Ubuntu is part of Linux.
Yes.
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution (as in a specific OS setup with the Linux kernel.)
It isn't a Novell program that will let you do that; it is a publically available program called "Samba".
Yes.