There is no defined shortcut for many distributions but if you're running an Ubuntu-based distro, the default keybind for pulling up a terminal window is Ctrl+Alt+T.
Ctrl+alt+f1
There is no standard reader for manpages for a graphical environment. You can either use the man command in a terminal emulator, or a graphical program like Tkman or TkViewMan.
The X Windowing System is the "de facto" standard for graphical shells in Unix and Linux. Desktops use it as a client as well as all the graphical applications.
1. meld 2. kompare
The most often used X Window (graphical) desktop environments are KDE and GNOME. There are many others.
Just like any OS - it would come up with a boot animation (and/or an accompanying terminal display showing what is starting up), and if it has a graphical interface, it would boot into the login screen.
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To stop receiving messages in Linux, you can use the mesg command. Running mesg n in the terminal disables message reception from other users. If you're using a graphical interface, you can also adjust settings in your terminal emulator or session manager to prevent message notifications. Additionally, you can modify your shell profile settings to automatically disable messages upon login.
On your keyboard their should be a "PrtSc/SysRq" button which, when pressed, will take a screen shot.
Minicom (for the command line) and PuTTy (graphical) can both connect as a client to other computers through a serial port (/dev/ttySx). Minicom can also provide server functionality.
From the terminal to access the terminal go to system tools or type terminal in the search field.
Sure can. VBA has been ported to Linux and has even a number of graphical frontends to make it easier to use.