You can find Moonstones via the following: Reflection Cave, Terminus Cave, Secret Super Training (Drag Down Hydreigon!), Route 18 (from Psychic Inver), held by wild Clefairy and wild Lunatone. You can also randomly win one from the Balloon Popping game on the Pokemon Global Link website on Level 3. To obtain items from the Global Link website you must obtain a Game Sync ID via the PSS in-game and then use it to register on the website to sync your game card with the website. You must also use your obtained Poke Miles to play the Balloon Popping game which are obtained from StreetPass, Walking, and Interacting with people on the PSS.
Here's the list of the confirmed Mega Stones obtainable in Pokémon X and Y and their respective locations. For the ones marked with a *, you first need to upgrade your Mega Ring during post-game. You can see how in the related questions below.
The Mega Stones that are available in both games of Pokemo n X and Y are Abomasite which is given to you by the Frost Cavern after saving it from Team Flare, Absolite which is found in Kiloude City, Aerodactylite which can be found in Ambrette Town Fossil Lab but only after rescuing the Scientist that was in the Glittering Cave, Alakazite can be found in Reflection Cave but it requires an upgraded Mega Ring, Ampharosite will be given to you by an old man in Azure Bay, Banettite can be found in the Chamber of Emptiness but it requires an upgraded Mega Ring, Blastoisinite will be given to you in Professor Sycamore's Lab if you choose Squirtle as one of the Pokémon that he allows you to choose otherwise you would need to later purchase it in the Stone Emporium which is a shop in Lumiose City, Garchompite can be found within the Victory Road but outside of the cave itself but it requires an upgraded Mega Ring in order to see it, Gardevoirite can only be found if you trade for Diantha's Ralts in Café Soleil since her Ralts will be holding one, Gengarite will be given to you by a player in Laverre City however you must've seen either Gastly or one of its two evolutions, Gyaradosite can be found in Couriway Town but it can only be seen with an upgraded Mega Ring, Aggronite can be found in Cyllage Gym but only with an upgraded Mega Ring and can only be found in Y, Charizardite X is available in the Sycamore Lab in Pokémon X only but only if you chose Charmander otherwise you will need to purchase it in the Stone Emporium and Charizardite Y is available only in Pokémon Y and it will be given to you if you choose Charmander in the Sycamore Lab otherwise it will require a purchase from the Stone Emporium.
In Pokemon X and Y you are not allowed to sell mega stones unfortunately. They are considered a special item.
There is no such thing as a mega stone in Pokémon Pearl. Mega stones were first introduced in Pokémon X and Y and are required for certain Pokémon to Mega Evolve, which is a temporary new evolution stage.
No, because Mega Evolution wasn't introduced until Pokemon X and Y.
Nowhere. As of now there is no such a thing as a Mega Salamence.
Aerodactyl doesn't have a traditional evolution. It does, however, have a Mega Evolution, which you can evolve it to by having it hold the Aerodactylite and selecting "Mega Evolution" during a battle.
You cannot find the Mega Stone for Latios in Pokémon X or Pokémon Y.
That's unknown. Arceus is already too strong as it is now, it doesn't need a Mega Evolution, and holding a Mega Stone would prevent the use of the Multitype plates anyway.
So far there have only been 6 named Mega Stones: Lucarionite, Blazikenite, Mewtwonite X, Mewtwonite Y, Charizardite X, and Charizardite Y. Lucarionite is the only one listed prior that can be obtained through normal gameplay in both games. Blazikenite must be obtained through an event, which begins on October 12 and lasts until January 15, 2014. Mewtwonite X and Charizardite X can be obtained only in Pokemon X, and Mewtwonite Y and Charizardite Y can only be obtained in Pokemon Y. Mega Stones can be traded between these two games.
Charizard is the the final evolution of the line beginning with Charmander. It cannot evolve into another form (at least in the non-hacked games). It can, however, breed (at the Pokemon Daycare) and produce an egg which will give you access to an earlier evolution. Charizard can also Mega Evolve into two forms: Mega Charizard X or Y using Charizardite X or Y. Mega evolution, unlike regular evolution, is temporary, only happening during battle.
The Mewtwonite X is exclusively for Pokémon X while the Mewtwonite Y is exclusively for Pokémon Y, so in order to get both Mega Stones (or more of the same one) and another Mewtwo in a single game, trading is required.
yes
He is in lots of different Pokemon games, like diamond and pearl.