Thomas Jefferson, mostly.
Eli Whitney
It was the French mathematician Rene Descartes who devised the cartesian coordinate system.
The American presidential system has a president, one vice president, the Congress and the Judiciary. The parliamentary system usually has a president and a prime minister, as well as Members of Parliament who are elected by their constituencies.
There are many different Native American tribes with their own languages. Sequoia devised a system for writing the Cherokee language; but Navaho, Comanche, and other tribal languages would have nothing to do with the Cherokee system.
The 43-tone scale was devised by 20th-century American composer, Harry Partch.
Mathematician Arpad Elo developed his rating system for the game of chess.
thomas jefferson
The French Academy of Sciences
Yes, Linnaeus devised binomial nomeclature.
The system was devised by Capt. Alexander Read and Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Munro at the end of the 18th century and introduced by the latter when he was governor of Madras.
melvil dewey