Greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, trapping heat and contributing to the greenhouse effect. This process helps to keep Earth's surface warmer than it would be otherwise.
"endothermic"
The air in the troposphere is warmed by heat from the Earth's surface through the process of conduction and convection. As the Earth's surface absorbs solar radiation, it heats up and transfers some of this heat to the air directly above it. This warming of the air creates temperature gradients and drives weather patterns and atmospheric circulation.
If a surface absorbs insolation, its temperature tends to increase as the absorbed energy is converted into heat. The surface absorbs sunlight and converts it into thermal energy, leading to a rise in temperature.
pressure from the heat under the earths surface
The area around the Equator receives the most direct sunlight, thus absorbs the most heat.
It is called vaporization, and it happens because the water vapor is taking away some of the heat in the form of energy, and so the surface has less heat energy.
Earth's surface is free to radiate heat into space. The interior is not. The interior does transfer heat the the surface, but rather slowly. It is hot due to residual heat from Earth's formation and from the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements.
Beneath the surface of the earth temperature remains the same. Within the Earth, irregular convection cells within the mantle transfer heat from the core to the surface of the planet. Volcanoes and earthquakes are two examples of heat transferring from the interior to the surface.
Most of the light's energy gets converted into heat.
Heat from the sun
A black surface absorbs all colors of light, as it does not reflect any color back to the observer. Instead, it converts the light energy into heat.