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What has the author Heikki Koskenniemi written?
Heikki Koskenniemi is a Finnish diplomat and author known for his work in international law and diplomacy. Some of his notable works include "International Law Aspects of the European Union" and "Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law."
What movie and television projects has Keijo Komppa been in?
Keijo Komppa has: Played Pekka in "Esikoismalja" in 1953. Played Smuggler in "Se alkoi sateessa" in 1953. Played Guard in "Varsovan laulu" in 1953. Played Legioonalaisupseeri in "Sankarialokas" in 1955. Played Villain in "Villi Pohjola" in 1955. Played Crook in "Ei ruumiita makuuhuoneeseen" in 1959. Played Jokivaara in "Kolmas laukaus" in 1959. Played Newspaper man in "Opettajatar seikkailee" in 1960. Performed in "Isaskar Keturin ihmeelliset seikkailut" in 1960. Played 3rd officer in "Toivelauluja" in 1961. Played Tullitarkastaja in "Varjot" in 1961. Performed in "Vaarallista vapautta" in 1962. Performed in "Kaverukset" in 1962. Played Vesurimies in "Teatterituokio" in 1962. Played Toimittaja Purtiainen in "Juurakon Hulda" in 1962. Played Virkamies in "Liikemies" in 1963. Performed in "Pessi ja Illusia" in 1965. Performed in "Pariisilaissolmio" in 1965. Performed in "Juudas" in 1966. Played Pankinjohtaja in "Susikoski" in 1966. Played Rehtori in "Pekka ja intiaani" in 1967. Played Taloudenhoitaja Simon Prescott in "Liejukana" in 1968. Played Tubal in "Venetsian kauppias" in 1968. Played Custom Officer in "Vodkaa, komisario Palmu" in 1969. Played Poliisi in "Tirlittan" in 1969. Played Ylineuvos Pumpman in "Vinski ja Vinsentti" in 1970. Played Poliisi in "Pilvilinna" in 1970. Played J.K. Paasikivi in "Rauhanneuvottelut" in 1971. Performed in "Doverie" in 1976. Played Kirkkoherra in "Kiviset aidat" in 1977. Performed in "Keltainen auto" in 1978. Played Paasikivi in "Sodan ja rauhan miehet" in 1978. Played Herra Soiluvasuo in "Ameriikan morsian" in 1981. Played J.K. Paasikivi in "Presidentti" in 1982. Played himself in "Thilia thalia thallallaa" in 1982. Played Pappi in "Akaton mies" in 1983. Performed in "Vallan miehet" in 1986. Played Man at Observation Tower in "Ihmiselon ihanuus ja kurjuus" in 1988. Played Tuomari in "Rakastan, rakastan" in 1988. Played Narrator in "Taikuri" in 1989. Played Kertoja in "Kadunlakaisijat" in 1991. Played Vaari in "Bongari" in 1994. Played J.K. Paasikivi in "Tuomitut" in 1995. Played Aarne Rautakorpi in "Nortia" in 1996.
What movie and television projects has Janne Tulkki been in?
Jari Kinnunen has: Played Bjorn Gunderson in "Titanic" in 1997. Played Concordia Radar Man in "Wing Commander" in 1999. Played Kiusaaja in "Kaivoksen lapset" in 2003. Performed in "44500 Max" in 2009. Played Jari in "Convict" in 2011. Played Lieutenant Fyodorov in "3OHA - The Zone" in 2012.
What movie and television projects has Leila Bennett been in?
Leila Abashidze has: Played Kato in "Qajana" in 1941. Played Juta in "Oqros biliki" in 1945. Played Nazibrola in "Akakis akvani" in 1947. Played The girl with flowers in "Qeto da Kote" in 1948. Played Nina in "Gazapkhuli Sakenshi" in 1951. Played Lela in "Isini chamovidnen mtidan" in 1954. Played Marine in "Chrichina" in 1954. Played Lia in "Abezara" in 1956. Played Manana in "Chveni ezo" in 1956. Played Maya in "Maya Tskhneteli" in 1959. Played Dzidzia in "Khevisberi Gocha" in 1964. Performed in "Avariya" in 1965. Played Nino in "Shekhvedra tsarsultan" in 1966. Played Vardisakhari in "Didostatis Marjvena (pirveli seria)" in 1969. Played Ketevani in "Molodini" in 1969. Played Vardisakhari in "Didostatis Marjvena (meore seria)" in 1970. Performed in "Namdvili tbiliselebi da skhvebi" in 1976. Performed in "Cinema" in 1977. Performed in "Tbilisi, Parizi, Tbilisi" in 1980. Performed in "Oromtriali" in 1987. Performed in "Zvaraki" in 1990.
Angioedema?
DefinitionAngioedema is a swelling, similar to hives, but the swelling is beneath the skin rather than on the surface. Hives are often called welts. They are a surface swelling. It is also possible to have angioedema without hives.See also: Hereditary angioedemaAlternative NamesAngioneurotic edema; WeltsCauses, incidence, and risk factorsAngioedema may be caused by an allergic reaction. During the reaction, histamine and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases histamine when the immune system detects a foreign substance called an allergen.In many cases, the cause of angioedema is never found.The following may cause angioedema:Animal dander (scales of shed skin)Exposure to water, sunlight, cold or heatFoods (such as berries, shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and others)Insect bitesMedications (drug allergy), such as antibiotics (penicillin and sulfa drugs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors)PollenHives and angioedema may also occur after infections or with other illnesses (including autoimmune disorders such as lupus, and leukemia and lymphoma).A form of angioedema runs in families and has different triggers, complications, and treatments. This is called hereditary angioedema, and it is not discussed in this article.SymptomsThe main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. You may also develop welts or swelling on the surface of your skin.The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out.The welts are painful and may be itchy. They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful.Other symptoms may include:Abdominal crampingBreathing difficultySwollen eyes and mouthSwollen lining of the eyes (chemosis)Signs and testsThe doctor will look at your skin and ask you if you have been exposed to any irritating substances. A physical exam might reveal abnormal sounds (stridor) when you breathe in if the throat is affected.Rarely, the health care provider may perform blood tests or allergy testing.TreatmentMild symptoms may not need treatment. Moderate to severe symptoms may need treatment. Breathing difficulty is an emergency condition.Cool compresses or soaks can provide pain relief.Medications used to treat angioedema include:AntihistaminesAnti-inflammatory medicines (corticosteroids)EpinephrineRanitidine (Zantac)Terbutaline (a bronchodilator)If the person has trouble breathing, seek immediate medical help.See: Breathing difficulties - first aidAt the hospital, a tube may be placed in the throat to keep the airway open.Expectations (prognosis)Angioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable, but is usually harmless and goes away in a few days.ComplicationsAnaphylactic reactionLife-threatening airway blockage (if swelling occurs in the throat)Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if:Angioedema does not respond to treatmentIt is severeYou have never had angioedema beforeGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor)Difficulty breathingFaintingWheezingPreventionTo prevent angioedema from coming back:Avoid irritating the affected area.Stay away from known allergens.Never take medications that are not prescribed for you.ReferencesDreskin SC. Urticaria and angioedema. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 273.Temino VM, Peebles RS Jr. The spectrum and treatment of angioedema. Am J Med. 2008;121:282-286.Wasserman SI. Approach to the person with allergic or immunologic disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 270.
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury?
DefinitionA posterior cruciate ligament injury is a partial or complete tearing or stretching of any part of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).Alternative NamesCruciate ligament injury - posterior; PCL injury; Knee injury - posterior cruciate ligament (PCL); Hyperextended kneeConsiderationsYour doctor will perform a physical examination to check for signs of PCL injury. This includes moving the knee joint in various ways.Your doctor may also check for the presence of fluid in the knee joint. This test may show joint bleeding.PCL injury may be seen using the following tests:Knee MRIKnee joint x-rayCausesThe posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the strongest ligament in the knee. It extends from the top-rear surface of the tibia (bone between the knee and ankle) to the bottom-front surface of the femur (bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee).The ligament prevents the knee joint from posterior instability. That means it prevents the tibia from moving too much and going behind the femur.The PCL is usually injured by overextending the knee (hyperextension). This can happen if you land awkwardly after jumping. The PCL can also become injured from a direct blow to the flexed knee, such as smashing your knee in a car accident (called "dashboard knee") or falling hard on a bent knee.Most PCL injuries occur with other ligament injuries and severe knee trauma. If you suspect PCL injury, it is important to be seen by a medical professional immediately.SymptomsKnee swellingand tenderness in the space behind the knee (popliteal fossa)Knee joint instabilityKnee joint painFirst AidAt first, a PCL injury is treated by:SplintingApplying ice to the areaElevating the joint (above the level of the heart)Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for painLimit physical activity until the swelling is down, motion is normal, and the pain is gone. Physical therapy can help you regain joint and leg strength. If the injury happens suddenly (acute) or you have a high activity level, you may need surgery. This may be either knee arthroscopy or "open" surgical reconstruction.Age has an effect on treatment. Younger patients are more likely to have problems without surgery, because chronic instability may lead to arthritis symptoms many years later. Which patients need surgery is controversial, because many people seem to do well without surgery. Injuries in which the bone is pulled off with the ligament, or multiple ligaments are injured need to be repaired with surgery.PCL injuries are commonly associated with other ligament injuries or knee dislocation. It is important to have your knee examined for other injuries. Some of these injuries need to be treated urgently.Call immediately for emergency medical assistance ifCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of PCL injuryYou are being treated for PCL injury and you have greater instability in your kneePain or swelling return after they went awayYour injury does not appear to be getting better with timeYou re-injure your kneeA lot of PCL injuries are associated with other ligament injuries or severe knee trauma. You should be checked early for these other conditions.PreventionUse proper techniques when playing sports or exercising. Many cases are not preventable.ReferencesMiller RH III. Knee injuries. In: Canale ST, Beatty JH, eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007: chap 43.Curtis C, Bienkowski P, Micheli LJ. Posterior cruciate ligament sprain. In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 67.
