Raccoons are the animal most commonly implicated.
For Howrse, the answer is "Possum"Equine Protozal Myeloencephalitis or EPM is spread by opossums which aquire the organizim from birds. Contrary to what some people think, it cannt be spread from horse to horse.
mice
The carrier in the US is the raccoon.
mice
Oppossums
Possums can contract a protozoan parasite called Sarcocystis neurona and then shed an infective life stage in their feces. This parasite, when ingested by horses, can migrate to the central nervous system of the horse where it destroys cells in the brain and/or spinal cord which causes neurological disease.
yes, Equine Protozal Myelitis is a "bug" that can be passed.
Opossums can spread equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) to horses primarily through their feces, which may contain the protozoan parasite Sarcosystis neurona. When horses ingest food or water contaminated with opossum feces, they may become infected with the parasite. The parasite then travels to the horse's central nervous system, leading to neurological issues associated with EPM. Effective management of horse feeding areas and reduction of opossum populations can help mitigate this risk.
Western equine encephalitis is caused by an arbovirus an transmitted by insect bites, commonly mosquitos.
Opossums are the definitive host for Sarcocystis neurona, which is the parasite that causes EPM (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. The parasite is excreted from opossums in their manure which can then be ingested by the horse while grazing or drinking water.
As odd as it sounds horses get the illness from opposoms who get it from birds.
The feces of opossums may contain sporocysts - cysts that contain spores that can reproduce asexually. Horses can ingest these sporocysts with feed, grass or water contaminated with opossum feces. The protozoa can leave lesions on the spinal cord and brain stem. It is this neurological damage that can cause the various symptoms of EPM.