Reflection and refraction seismology can be used in geophysical exploration to locate layers of varying density which can be used for example to locate underground hydrocarbons in the oil and gas industry.
Seismology has also provided us with information on the internal structure and state of matter of the interior of the Earth.
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Magnitude
The PHIVOLCS Magnitude Scale is a local magnitude scale developed by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) for measuring the size of earthquakes specifically in the Philippines. It is similar to the Richter scale but is calibrated to account for local geology and seismic waves. The scale provides a numerical value that quantifies the energy released by an earthquake.
The one in Chile measuring 9.5 magnitude.
Some of the strongest earthquakes in the Caribbean include the 2010 Haiti earthquake measuring a magnitude of 7.0, the 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.1, and the 1907 Kingston earthquake in Jamaica with a magnitude of 6.5-6.8.
The Alaska earthquake of 1964 had a magnitude of 9.2, compared with the 1906 SF earthquake's magnitude of 7.8. A 9.2 earthquake releases approximately 500 billion times the energy of a magnitude 7.8.
Japan was the country that experienced a devastating earthquake in 1920, known as the Haiyuan earthquake, measuring 8.6 magnitude.
There are many factors. One would be the distance a person is from the epicenter. A person who is further from a magnitude 7 earthquake would be less affected by the shockwaves than a person nearer to the epicenter of a magnitude 6 earthquake. The place the person is in at the time of the earthquake also may affect the intensity of what he feels. If one is in a tall and stable building during an earthquake, he would not feel the vibrations as much as one standing on the streets. The scale measuring the intensity of earthquakes should be considered too. A Mercalli Intensity Scale measuring magnitude 6 may possibly be more powerful than a Richter Scale measuring a magnitude 7, as more damage is caused.
Scientists measure earthquake magnitude using seismometers, which detect and record ground motion. The most common scale used to measure earthquake magnitude is the Richter scale, which is based on the amplitude of seismic waves. More recently, the moment magnitude scale has become the preferred method for measuring earthquake magnitude as it provides a more accurate representation of the energy released during an earthquake.
The most commonly referred to scale by the press and the public is the Richter scale for measuring earthquake magnitude. However this was actually replaced in the 1970s by the Moment Magnitude scale which is the magnitude scale favoured and in use by seismologists.
the Mercalli Scale, the Richter Scale, and the Moment Magnitude Scale
The Richter magniude scale is logorithmic. As such the size (amplitude) of the largest seismic waves produced by a magnitude 7 earthquake are 102 (or 100) times larger than those produced by a magnitude 5 earthquake. However the amount of energy released by a magnitude7 earthquake is 1000 times greater (102)^3/2 than a magnitude 5 earthquake and so it is likely to be much more destructive.
The 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Southern Chile is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, measuring a magnitude of 9.5. An earthquake 32 times stronger than this would hypothetically have a magnitude around 10.6, which is not something that has been observed in recorded history.